#mdl-1e:

1918 Bank official, F. Mandel, standing inside Summit State Bank in Summit, Illinois,

#mdl-1f:

1917 Majors Frederic Besley and Milton Mandel, posing with an Army tent and supplies set up in the lobby of a building

To hear his story go to http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/HRCA/news/tomSolMandel.htm

 I am Solomon Mandel. I was born on July 28, 1926 to Berta & Joel Mandel in the town of Bukacrowce, in south eastern Poland. It was a small town. We had two synagogues and a Talmud torah. We had two rabbis whose names were Rabbi Shwarz & Rabbi Singer, and we had two shochtin for slaughtering kosher meats and poultry. Their names were Joel Nagelberg and his son, Shimon Nagelberg. They all perished. The only survivor is a grandson of Joel Nagelbert.

 

I was going to a chaider for my Jewish education and to a Polish school for my Polish education until 1939, when the Second World War started. The Germans occupied the northern part of Poland and the Russians occupied the other half. For the Jewish people it was not bad – the only thing the communists stopped was Jewish education. It was not until June and July of 1941 that the Germans occupied us. The trouble started for the Jewish people in 1941. That summer the Germans, with the help of the Ukrainians, created the ghetto. On Yom Kippur the first action was made and the Jewish people were sent to the crematoriums. Three weeks later, the second action was made and the town was declared “Judenfrei.� Whoever remained alive from the Jewish population had to move to a different Rohatyn, and from there to a concentration camp. I was not there too long when I planned to escape. It worked for me. I went back to my town and I got connected to the Partisians. My father somehow came to town illegally and I joined him. We were together until the Liberation in 1944. In July I went to the Allied Army for one reason, to take revenge. In the end of 1945 I was discharged, and I needed to go into the Polish army, but I did not want to go. So in the summer of 1946 I escaped from Poland to Germany, where I was in a DP camp until 1949.

 

I came to the USA on June 16, 1949 by boat. The name of the boat was General Heincelman. In the United States I started to work as a butcher. On December10, 1950, I got married to the best woman in the world, and shortly, we raised a family. In 1952 our son Leonard was born and on January 13, 1954 our daughter Barbara was born. The children got married and gave us three granddaughters. In 1975, my father passed away at 77 of old age. We live right now with my family.

 

In 1992 I retired from the meat business. I had five by-pass surgeries on my heart in 1995, and thank god, I am still around to give you my life story. The Mandel and Feigenbaum Families

 (Descriptions of pictures from top to bottom, left to right)

 PICTURES FROM THE MANDEL FAMILY:

 In the first picture are my aunts Pearl, Pauline and Gitel. In the second picture are my cousins Sara and Hinda. In the third picture are my father’s cousins who came from America to my father’s wedding, and my father’s two sisters Gitel and Chaja. The fourth picture is of my father praying in Jerusalem by the Western Wall.

PICTURES FROM MY WIFE’S FAMILY, THE FEIGNBAUMS:

 The first picture is of the family including the parents, children and one grandchild. The second picture is of my wife, brother and sister-in-law. In the third picture are my wife, brother, sister-in-law and the little boy and his grandmother.

 Â 

My name is Cirl Feigenbaum Mandel. I was born on June 3, 1927to Sarah and Leon Feigenbaum in Szydlowce, Poland. My oldest brother’s name was Charles Feigenbaum. He was married to Helen and had a son named Samuel. My next brother was Ben. I also had a sister named Haddy. Unfortunately, my beloved family was killed during the Holocaust.

 

In 1942 I was taken to a concentration camp by the Nazis. The camp was in Skrzysko, Poland. I stayed in that camp (which was an ammunitions camp) for two years. In 1944 I went to another concentration camp in Chenstocjowa, Poland. I worked in ammunitions again, and had very little to eat.

 

In January 1945 I was liberated from the camp. I went back to my birthplace, but unfortunately none of my family survived.

 

I remained in my town for two months under very severe conditions. I had hardly any food to eat and no clothing other than what was on my back.

 

I went from city to city until I cam to Lodz, Poland. While in Lodz, I recalled that my father had brothers in America.

 

I wrote to the Szydlowce Organization and they were able to put me in contact with my family in America. In 1947 I went to America. I worked in a clothing factory. In 1950 I married my wonderful husband, Solomon Mandel. I have two children and three granddaughters.

 for pictures go to;

  http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:tlFw_SmdhsgJ:www.qcc.cuny.edu/HRCA/news/tomCirlMandel.htm++mandel+was+born+in+poland&hl=en&ie=UTF-8

 

 Â 

 Colonel José Arturo Castellanos was the Salvadoran Consul General in Geneva, Switzerland in 1942-45. He appointed George Mandel-Mantello, a Romanian Jewish refugee living in Geneva, as the First Secretary at his consulate. He authorized Mantello to issue thousands of "citizen certificates" to Jewish refugees throughout Nazi occupied Europe. These certificates stated that the holder was a recognized citizen of El Salvador who was then protected from deportation. In 1944, Castellanos requested that Switzerland represent El Salvador’s interests in Nazi occupied Hungary. Soon, Mantello was issuing thousands of Salvadoran citizenship papers to Hungarian Jews through the office of Swiss Consul Charles Lutz

Mandel

Georges Mandel was born in France in 1885. He worked as a journalist in Paris and worked for Georges Clemenceau in the ministry of the interior. He also helped Clemenceau control the press and the trade union movement during the First World War.

In 1934 Mandel entered the government as postal minister. He also became a strong advocate of a military alliance with the Soviet Union to control the actions of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany. He also opposed the Munich Agreement and the policy of appeasement. Mandel was accused of those on the right of being a warmonger and claimed he was being influenced by his Jewish ancestry.

In September 1939 Mandel argued that the French Army should fight an offensive war. After the armistice in June 1940 Mandel was forced to flee to Morocco. However, he was arrested and imprisoned by General Charles Nogues on the orders of Pierre Laval.

Winston Churchill, who described Mandel as "the first resister" tried to arrange his rescue but it was unsuccessful. Mandel was turned over to the Gestapo and together with Leon Blum was sent to Buchenwald. Georges Mandel was returned to France where he was murdered by the Milice on 7th July, 1944.

http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/

Dictionary of Jewish Surnames in Russian Empire;

Mandel' (`mandl' in Yiddish) (this form was not listed by Kulisher, but it was used at the beginning of the 20th century) {Mandel', Mandel'man, Mandel's (Mandes), Mandeles, Mandelyuk; Mandel'gejm; Mandel'shtamm, Mandel'shtam}, Manda (`mande' in Yiddish)* from Mandel' {Mandes}; Mendel' (`mendl' in Yiddish) {Mendel' (Mendal', Mindel'), Mendel'evskij, Mendel'son (Men'del'son, Mindel'son, Mendl'son), Mendel'zon, Mendel'zun, Mendelenko, Mendeles, Mendelev (Mendalev, Mendeleev), Mendelevich (Mendalevich, Mindelevich, Mondelevich), Mendelevskij, Mendeliovich, Mendeliovskij, Mendelis, Mendelyuk, Mendelyukov; Mendel'shtam (Mendal'shtam); Mendel'sberg; Mendelikhes}, Mendlya (`mendle' in Yiddish)* from Mendel' {Mendlin, Mendlis}, Mendko (`mendke' in Yiddish) from Mendel' {Mendkovich (Mentkovich), Mendak}, Mendish* from Mendel' {Mendish}, Menda (`mende' in Yiddish)* from Mendel' {Mendyuk, Mendyukov}, Men', Men and Menya (`menye' in Yiddish)* from Mendel' {Men', Men (Mèn), Menson, Menevich (Minevich), Meniovich, Menyuk, Menik}, Menik* from Mendel' {Menik}.

Man (Ponevezh, Kiev) M: from the given name Man, derived from Yiddish `man' {Mann, Manov, Manchik, Manzon (Monzon); Manikhes}. Hypocoristic forms of this given name: Mana and Manya (`mane' and `manye' in Yiddish) {Mana, Mane (Manè), Manev, Manin, Manis, Manevich}, Manko, Manka, Man'ko and Man'ka (`manke' in Yiddish) {Manko, Mankus, Mankis, Man'ko, Man'kov (Manikov), Man'kovich, Man'kin}, Manik* {Manikov}, Manus {Manusevich (Manasevich), Manusov, Manusovich}, Manel' (`manl' in Yiddish) {Manel', Manel'man, Manel'zon, Manelevich, Manelis, Manilevich, Manilis, Manilov (Monilov), Manilovich},

Mandel' (Vinnitsa, Bratslav, Gajsin, Proskurov) M: see Man. A: mandl [Yiddish], Mandel [German] almond {Mondel'}.

 Mondel' (Kishinev, Taurida) A: see Mandel'. A: mondl [Yiddish] poppy cake

Mana (Vilejka) F: see Mirimov. M: see Man.

   Manaker (Novogrudok, Grodno) O: see Menaker.

   Mandel'baum A: Mandelbaum [German] almond tree {Mendel'baum, Mindel'baum; Mandel'bojm (Mandel'bom, Mendel'bojm)}.

   Mandel'ber A: see Mandel'berg.

Mandel'berg A: Mandelberg [German] almond mountain {Mandel'ber, Mandeberg, Mandebarg, Mandberg}.

   Mandel'blat (Brest, Starokonst., Kamenets, Mogilev-Pod.) A: mandlblat [Yiddish], Mandelblatt [German] almond leaf {Mendel'blat, Mundel'blyat}.

te [German] almond flower.

   Mandel'blyum (Brest) A: mandlblum [Yiddish], Mandelblume [German] almond flower.

   Mandel'bojm (Novograd, Vladimir, Starokonst.) A: mandlboym [Yiddish] (see Mandel'baum).

   Mandel'bom (Kherson) A: see Mandel'baum.

Eli Mandel was born December 3, 1922 in Estevan, Saskatchewan. He stands as a major figure in Canadian prairie poetry, teaching many up-and-coming writers and defining the canon of Canadian poetry by editing numerous anthologies. He was married to Miriam Mandel for 20 years, but they separated in the late 1960s. An Idiot Joy won the Governor General's award for poetry in 1968, the same year Alden Nowlan won for Bread, Wine and Salt. Through his career, Mandel held positions at the University of Alberta, University of Victoria, University of Toronto and York University.

Marvin Mandel (b. 1920) Born in Baltimore, Md., April 19, 1920. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War II; lawyer; member of Maryland state house of delegates, 1952-69; Speaker of the Maryland State House of Delegates, 1964-69; Maryland Democratic state chair, 1968-69; Governor of Maryland, 1969-77, 1979; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Maryland, 1976. Jewish. Member, American Legion; Jewish War Veterans; Omicron Delta Kappa. Charged and convicted of mail fraud; his conviction was reversed in 1979, and he was later pardoned. Still living as of 2001

BIOGRAPHY: DR. SCOTT MANDEL

DIRECTOR, TEACHERS HELPING TEACHERS

English &History/Soc. St. Teacher; Director of Musical Theatre Department; In-Service Instructor

Pacoima Middle School Television, Theatre &Fine Arts Magnet

9919 Laurel Canyon Blvd., Pacoima, CA 91331, (818) 899-5291EDUCATION

1990 University of Southern California, Ph.D.--Specialization: Curriculum and Instruction

1983 University of Judaism, M.A.Ed., M.A.T.

1980 Ohio State University, B.S.Ed., B.A. AREAS OF PROFESSIONAL IN-SERVICE SPECIALIZATION

Wired into Judaism: The Internet and Jewish Education

By Dr. Scott MandelBringing the Jewish classroom into the cyberage!

DAVID MANDEL'S JEWISH CATASTROPHE AND ANTI-HATE PAGE

Mandel Bros. department store

Howie Mandel

Actor/Comedian: 'Gremlins', 'A Fine Mess', 'Little Monsters'

Kenneth M. Mandel is the co-founder of Great Projects Film Co., Inc. and is an executive producer, producer, director, and writer. He is currently working at Ground Zero producing a documentary about the rebuilding efforts at the site of the World Trade Center scheduled for broadcast on PBS September 10, 2002.

Call Number: **NOVACK .AU 1989

Author: Novack, Judith Mandel.

Title: The lilac bush / by Judith Mandel Novack.

-- N.Y. : Shengold Publishers, 1989.

Subject: Novack, Judith Mandel--Autobiography (USHMM)

: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Hungary--Personal narratives.

: Holocaust survivors--United States--Biography.

: Auschwitz (Poland : Concentration camp)--Personal narratives

Name: Daniel Mandel

Nickname: dmandel@aijac.org.au

E-mail: dmandel@aijac.org.au

Reviewer Rank: 6687

About me: Dr Daniel Mandel is a Melbourne writer, a Research Associate in the Department of History, Melbourne University, and Associate Editor of The Review, a publication specialising in the Middle East. His interests include music, books, films and travel. Putting pen to paper, in sedate surroundings, to the accompaniment of incandescent music is his idea of fun.

comedy writing team of Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel.

Mark "Babaloo" Mandel and his partner Lowell Ganz are responsible for writing some of the most popular comedies in contemporary American cinema. They met in a Hollywood comedy club where Mandel worked as a gag writer. Ganz was also working as a writer on the TV comedy The Odd Couple. They found they had a lot in common: both were from New York, and both idolized Billy Wilder. It was Ganz who suggested they team up to write for popular television sitcoms such as Laverne and Shirley; it was Laverne, actress Penny Marshall, who later directed one of their most popular hits, A League of Their Own (1992). They made their feature film debut with the black comedy Night Shift (1982). The stories they tell, such as the Oscar-nominated Splash (1984), are easily recognizable for their strong narrative structure and full bodied characterizations. Mandel is also notable as being a master of hardhitting punchlines. ~ Sandra Brennan, All Movie Guide

Ellis Island; There were total of 1864 persons with the (Exact matches) last name; Mandel

I am posting here Mandels who were written as "Hebrew" (731)

Many Jews were written as Russian or Polish

 Name former Residence year Arrived Age at arrival

1 Mandel,Abraham   1904 29  

2 Mandel,Abraham Tliza 1906 34  

3 Mandel,Abraham Narajow 1907 39  

4 Mandel,Abraham Bolechow, Austria 1909 16  

5 Mandel,Abraham Piczajew, Russia 1911 21  

6 Mandel,Abraham Plovec, Galicia 1911 25  

7 Mandel,Abraham Staszow, Russia 1911 38  

8 Mandel,Abraham Rychnaldy, Austria 1913 28

9 Mandel,Abraham Hedera, Palestine 1924 27

10 Mandel,Abram Wars...han 1903 26  

11 Mandel,Abram Lodz, Russia 1905 2  

12 Mandel,Abram Ralena 1905 19  

13 Mandel,Abram Inswin, Russia 1907 22  

14 Mandel,Abram Poczajew, Russia 1909 6  

15 Mandel,Abram Osowo, Russia 1910 27  

16 Mandel,Abram Tarnarida, Russia 1910 0

17 Mandel,Abram Yamow, Poland 1921 31  

18 Mandel,Adah Liverpool, England 1916 6  

19 Mandel,Adolf ...arczal, Hungary 1904 19  

20 Mandel,Adolf Hungary 1914 27  

21 Mandel,Ajzyk Zanowce, Poland 1921 9  

22 Mandel,Alter Ozarow, Russia 1907 19  

23 Mandel,Alter Zanowce, Poland 1921 19  

24 Mandel,Amalia Bakaj 1905 18  

25 Mandel,Anna Ranizow, Galicy 1908 20  

26 Mandel,Anna Podgosze, Krakow, Poland 1920 37

27 Mandel,Anna Vienna, Austria 1922 31  

28 Mandel,Anna Kisvaira, Hungary 1922 48

29 Mandel,Anni Soborow, Aust. 1908 17  

30 Mandel,Annie Belfast, Ireland 1916 34

31 Mandel,Annie Westcliffe on Sea, England 1922 42  

32 Mandel,Aran Podyorz, Russia 1911 22  

33 Mandel,Aranka Magygeros, Cz. Slov. 1921 15

34 Mandel,Aron Kolousa 1904 34  

35 Mandel,Aron Krulowa, Austria 1907 18

36 Mandel,Aron U.S.A. 1908 35  

37 Mandel,Aron Kuzmin, Russia 1911 21  

38 Mandel,Aron Grabovitza, Russia 1911 26  

39 Mandel,Aron Sezedrin, Russia 1913 49  

40 Mandel,Aron Ostrowice, Polen 1920 11

41 Mandel,Aron Shmirinka, Russia 1923 25

42 Mandel,Arthur Gyulapheivar 1904 7  

43 Mandel,Awrum Fauk Lukacz, Russia 1914 26  

44 Mandel,Baruch Busk, Austria 1914 48  

45 Mandel,Baskin Bremen 1904 50  

46 Mandel,Basse Kutchen 1905 9  

47 Mandel,Basse Lutniky, Kowno 1909 24  

48 Mandel,Basse Wisorowke, Russia 1910 38  

49 Mandel,Bassic Svirz, Austria 1907 30  

50 Mandel,Beidel Linban, Russia 1910 19  

51 Mandel,Beile Kremenetz 1904 18  

52 Mandel,Beile Br Litonsk, Russia 1907 17  

53 Mandel,Beile Tolue, Russia 1908 47  

54 Mandel,Beile Wisorowke, Russia 1910 14  

55 Mandel,Beinadne Terza 1903 34  

56 Mandel,Beizel Sezedrin, Russia 1913 17  

57 Mandel,Bela Ungvar 1907 3  

58 Mandel,Bela Bako, Hungary 1910 33  

59 Mandel,Belle Poczajeu, Russia 1907 19  

60 Mandel,Benjamin Buhaezowa 1906 45  

61 Mandel,Benjamin Wisorowke, Russia 1910 4  

62 Mandel,Benjamin Lubau, Russia 1913 11

63 Mandel,Ben Pittsville, Wis. 1914 32  

64 Mandel,Bentzion Lanowetz, Russia 1909 26

65 Mandel,Beny Berhometh, Austria 1913 18  

66 Mandel,Beral Holoczysk, Russia 1910 25  

67 Mandel,Berek Lodz 1903 45  

68 Mandel,Berisch Kozowa 1907 39  

69 Mandel,Berko Zimierynka, Russia 1906 36  

70 Mandel,Berl Lemberg, Galicia 1913 30  

71 Mandel,Berta Lasztomer 1903 26  

72 Mandel,Berta London 1905 5  

73 Mandel,Berta Sztrappen, Hungary 1905 18  

74 Mandel,Berta Plowee, Galicien 1920 22  

75 Mandel,Bertha Hamm i/w, Germany 1921 22  

76 Mandel,Betsy Liverpool, England 1916 41  

77 Mandel,Betti Kisvarda, Hungary 1911 18  

78 Mandel,Betti Nyusbatis, Hungary 1912 31

79 Mandel,Betty Ungvar 1907 11  

80 Mandel,Blime Austria 1908 17  

81 Mandel,Bluma Sczedryn, Russia 1914 16  

82 Mandel,Blume Luban, Minsk, Russia 1907 10  

83 Mandel,Blume Czeninerzyi, Galicia 1908 17  

84 Mandel,Bola Garva 1905 0  

85 Mandel,Boruch Bolechow 1904 38  

86 Mandel,Boruch Lemberg, Poland 1921 7  

87 Mandel,Brandla Roruo, Russia 1911 25  

88 Mandel,Broina Wien, Austria 1910 31

89 Mandel,Bruche Kowal, Russia 1913 24

90 Mandel,Ceibel Bukaczowice 1906 14  

91 Mandel,Celia Liverpool, England 1916 20

92 Mandel,Chafe Scheu, Russia 1910 9  

93 Mandel,Chaic Norodonko, Austria 1907 14  

94 Mandel,Chaie Bussk, Slozow 1921 34  

95 Mandel,Chaike Tolua, Russia 1911 10

96 Mandel,Chaim Bukacovze 1903 15  

97 Mandel,Chaim Krakan 1903 5

98 Mandel,Chaim Lanowce, Russia 1910 42  

99 Mandel,Chaim Duwid Zelen 1905 20

100 Mandel,Chaja Ratnairia, Austria 1909 18

101 Mandel,Chaja-Marjan Kriminetz, Russia 1914 33  

102 Mandel,Chaje Zablotow 1904 18  

103 Mandel,Chaje Lodz 1905 16  

104 Mandel,Chaje Holomea 1906 8

105 Mandel,Chaje Odessa, Russia 1907 20  

106 Mandel,Chaje Brest Lit. 1907 17  

107 Mandel,Chaje Trzemyslang, Austria 1907 6  

108 Mandel,Chaje Tarnarida, Russia 1910 24  

109 Mandel,Chaje Brak, Russia 1911 30  

110 Mandel,Chaje Baralos, Hungary 1914 39  

111 Mandel,Chaje Lodz, Russia 1916 27  

112 Mandel,Chajka Zanowce, Poland 1921 37  

113 Mandel,Chajke Winica 1903 27  

114 Mandel,Chana Radom, Russia 1914 16

115 Mandel,Chana Zavichest, Poland 1920 21  

116 Mandel,Chana Lwow, Galicia 1922 25  

117 Mandel,Chane Zloczow 1906 17  

118 Mandel,Chane Luban, Minsk, Russia 1907 41  

119 Mandel,Chane Tolua, Russia 1911 30  

120 Mandel,Chane L. Lodz 1905 21  

121 Mandel,Chann Rotteream 1903 32  

122 Mandel,Chawe Nikolajew 1906 40  

123 Mandel,Chazkel Norodonko, Austria 1907 2  

124 Mandel,Chiam Pecajen, Russia 1909 18  

125 Mandel,Chillie Odessa, Russia 1907 30  

126 Mandel,Chine Rask 1904 17  

127 Mandel,Chon Berlin, Germany 1914 44  

128 Mandel,Chume Litin, Russia 1907 22  

129 Mandel,Chune Dubaceki, Russia 1913 21  

130 Mandel,Cilla Lemberg, Austria 1913 38

131 Mandel,Cinge Brest 1905 13  

132 Mandel,Cipe Opolo, Russia 1912 24  

133 Mandel,Cipre Trzemyslang, Austria 1907 33  

134 Mandel,Cirel Soshnewitz, Russia 1907 5  

135 Mandel,Cirel Pazajeu, Russia 1907 17

136 Mandel,Cjitel Staszov, Russia 1907 16  

137 Mandel,Clara Lemberg 1907 20  

138 Mandel,Czewck Scheu, Russia 1910 11  

139 Mandel,Dave London 1905 8  

140 Mandel,David Odessa 1904 28

141 Mandel,David Nikolajew 1906 54

142 Mandel,David Kogowa 1906 20  

143 Mandel,David Mainesti, Roumania 1907 19  

144 Mandel,David Ungvar 1907 6  

145 Mandel,David Wisorowke, Russia 1910 11  

146 Mandel,David Brak, Russia 1911 8  

147 Mandel,David Wiznitz, Austria 1914 6  

148 Mandel,Davidne Nemetz, Hungary 1905 34  

149 Mandel,Dawid Branowiz 1903 1  

150 Mandel,Dawid-Leil Lubau, Russia 1913 7

151 Mandel,Debora Ro... 1906 24  

152 Mandel,Dezso Gyulapheivar 1904 3

153 Mandel,Diksa Lolmoska, Hungary 1907 6

154 Mandel,Dina Knty, Austria 1913 18

155 Mandel,Dora Ungvor 1907 10  

156 Mandel,Dora Foketerebes, Hungary 1912 18

157 Mandel,Dwoire Soshnewitz, Russia 1907 28  

158 Mandel,Dwoire Osowo, Russia 1910 25  

159 Mandel,Dwojra Zanowce, Poland 1921 19  

160 Mandel,Efraim Prinsick, Austria 1907 12  

161 Mandel,Efroim Mesbuchezr. Russia 1905 35  

162 Mandel,Eidel Chatin 1905 15  

163 Mandel,Eidla Lecszysny, Poland 1920 56  

164 Mandel,Eisik Keretzky 1905 17  

165 Mandel,Eisik Chetsk, Russia 1906 7  

166 Mandel,Eizig Busk, Poland 1923 52

167 Mandel,Elias Bar, Russia 1912 12  

168 Mandel,Elias Tlewee, Austria 1913 18  

169 Mandel,Elias Wiznitz, Austria 1913 31  

170 Mandel,Elie Leticze..., Russia 1913 19  

171 Mandel,Elle Koretz, Russia 1907 14  

172 Mandel,Emma Lolmoska, Hungary 1907 26

173 Mandel,Erna Facsko, Hung. 1912 21

174 Mandel,Ester Nikolajew 1906 5

175 Mandel,Ester Mesebot, Podol 1908 3  

176 Mandel,Ester Schinischentz, Rouman. 1922 19  

177 Mandel,Estersa Ruwna, Poland 1922 17  

178 Mandel,Esther Lutsk, Russia 1905 47  

179 Mandel,Esther Pnvicz, Russia 1910 19  

180 Mandel,Eszli Kaschan, Hungary 1911 42  

181 Mandel,Etel Cernawitz, Bucovina 1921 53  

182 Mandel,Ethel Nyisbatis, Hungary 1912 4  

183 Mandel,Ettel Chatin 1905 3  

184 Mandel,Eva Zimierynka, Russia 1906 7

185 Mandel,Fani Nagy Karoly 1898 16  

186 Mandel,Fani Koretz, Russia 1907 24  

187 Mandel,Fanny Lukniki, Lithuania 1921 18  

188 Mandel,Feige Kasty 1903 3  

189 Mandel,Feige Kutchen 1905 6  

190 Mandel,Feige Koro..., Russia 1907 17

191 Mandel,Feige Kalinow, Austr. 1909 17  

192 Mandel,Feige Brak, Russia 1911 5  

193 Mandel,Feige Titsiew, Russia 1911 53  

194 Mandel,Feige Warsaw, Russia 1917 14

195 Mandel,Feiwel Ozaviny 1905 18

196 Mandel,Feiwisch Tarnorudy, Russia 1912 17  

197 Mandel,Fejbel Zanowce, Poland 1921 8

198 Mandel,Fela Corlice, Poland 1924 21

199 Mandel,Fentie Chetsk, Russia 1906 5  

200 Mandel,Ferge Chatin 1905 11

201 Mandel,Ferge Poczajew, Russia 1909 16  

202 Mandel,Feze Reski 1904 32  

203 Mandel,Frackel Soshnewitz, Russia 1907 9  

204 Mandel,Franz Itugvan 1905 19  

205 Mandel,Fred   1923 41  

206 Mandel,Fred   1924 42  

207 Mandel,Freida Zimierynka, Russia 1906 3  

208 Mandel,Freida Kriminetz, Russia 1914 30  

209 Mandel,Freida Ponewesch, Russia 1914 3  

210 Mandel,Freida Germnik Poland 1921 6  

211 Mandel,Freide Nikolajew 1906 53  

212 Mandel,Freide Belischerky, Russia 1913 64  

213 Mandel,Freidel Lodz 1905 8  

214 Mandel,Freudia Norodonko, Austria 1907 9

215 Mandel,Freum Norodonko, Austria 1907 6  

216 Mandel,Frieda Wisztiniec, Russia 1907 30  

217 Mandel,Frime Trzemyslang, Austria 1907 4

218 Mandel,Fromi Sedricgow 1903 15  

219 Mandel,Fronco Peczenizyn 1907 20  

220 Mandel,Gedalic   1904 18  

221 Mandel,Geza Isolnok 1904 30  

222 Mandel,Gherts Odessa, Russia 1915 27  

223 Mandel,Ghitla Balti, Roumania 1921 20  

224 Mandel,Gitel Pecajen, Russia 1909 16  

225 Mandel,Gitel Shmirinka, Russia 1923 21  

226 Mandel,Gitele Kossord 1906 9  

227 Mandel,Gitla Lecszysny, Poland 1920 19

228 Mandel,Gittel Polonnoje, Kiev 1907 40  

229 Mandel,Gittel Staszow, Russia 1911 18  

230 Mandel,Gittel Glowni, Russia 1914 20

231 Mandel,Gitze Wiznitz, Austria 1914 3  

232 Mandel,Golda Opal, Russia 1913 19  

233 Mandel,Golda Popofze, Russia 1914 20  

234 Mandel,Golda Rabczow, Poland 1920 16

235 Mandel,Golda Zanowce, Poland 1921 14

236 Mandel,Golde Antwerp, Russia 1906 0

237 Mandel,Golde Ratne, Russia 1911 4  

238 Mandel,Gowsey Slutzk, Russia 1914 18  

239 Mandel,Gren Buda Pest, Hungary 1913 19  

240 Mandel,Gute Chaie Petersburg 1906 52  

241 Mandel,Hani Kesrarda 1905 19  

242 Mandel,Hanna Nemetz, Hungary 1905 7

243 Mandel,Harry Ostrowice, Polen 1920 40

244 Mandel,Heinde Radzudrow 1913 22  

245 Mandel,Helen Felso Apser, Hungary 1910 18

246 Mandel,Helena Silvane, Roumania 1921 31

247 Mandel,Helene K Tapola 1905 17  

248 Mandel,Henia Bnksczow, Austria 1910 16  

249 Mandel,Henie Schezedin, Russia 1909 16

250 Mandel,Henja Lubau, Russia 1913 34 

251 Mandel,Henoch Saszow, Austria 1910 17

252 Mandel,Herman Ungvaz 1903 15

253 Mandel,Herman Munkacs 1906 17  

254 Mandel,Herman Bjornitz 1906 58

255 Mandel,Herman Hajdunanas, Hung. 1907 30  

256 Mandel,Hermann Olaszliszka, Hungary 1914 17

257 Mandel,Hermina Nyisbatis, Hungary 1912 9

258 Mandel,Herrmann Cresnovik, Austria 1913 16

259 Mandel,Hersch Sedricgow 1903 11

260 Mandel,Hersch Fadona 1906 30

261 Mandel,Hersch Odessa, Russia 1907 19  

262 Mandel,Hersch Schpikof, Russia 1907 18  

263 Mandel,Hersch Ludowa, Russia 1910 34  

264 Mandel,Hersch Titsiew, Russia 1911 17

265 Mandel,Hersch Przemyslany, Austria 1911 17

266 Mandel,Hersch Wolka, Austria 1913 20

267 Mandel,Hersch Soletwina, Austria 1913 28

268 Mandel,Hersch Zigowki, Russia 1913 28

269 Mandel,Hersch Lecszysny, Poland 1920 56

270 Mandel,Herschel Tarnorudy, Russia 1912 18

271 Mandel,Hersz Lemberg, Poland 1921 16

272 Mandel,Hertzko Orzirow 1906 29  

273 Mandel,Hilda Kaschan, Hungary 1911 3

274 Mandel,Hinde Ropa, Austria 1912 18

275 Mandel,Hinde Lamaz, Poland 1920 14

276 Mandel,Hirsch Soshnewitz, Russia 1907 7  

277 Mandel,Hirsch Copenhagen, Denmark 1919 23

278 Mandel,Icek Warsaw, {Poland 1922 14

279 Mandel,Ida Busk, Austria 1907 22

280 Mandel,Idel Susinuch, Russia 1913 18  

281 Mandel,Ider Norodonko, Austria 1907 37  

282 Mandel,Ignatz Gyulapheivar 1904 9

283 Mandel,Isaak Kasty 1903 48  

284 Mandel,Isaak Wulka 1907 41  

285 Mandel,Isaak Kriminetz, Russia 1914 6

286 Mandel,Isak Kuty 1904 45  

287 Mandel,Isak Odessa 1906 36  

288 Mandel,Isak Busk, Austria 1911 23

289 Mandel,Isak Sassaw, Austria 1913 18  

290 Mandel,Isak Samson, Hungary 1913 33

291 Mandel,Israel Lodz 1904 26  

292 Mandel,Israel Nyirbator 1905 25  

293 Mandel,Israel Ratno, Russia 1907 25  

294 Mandel,Israel Plastak, Minsk 1909 17

295 Mandel,Israel Warsaw, Russia 1917 11  

296 Mandel,Israel Varano, Cz. Slov. 1922 48

297 Mandel,Itchok Odessa, Russia 1907 23

298 Mandel,Itke Luban 1906 17  

299 Mandel,Itte Chetsk, Russia 1906 3

300 Mandel,Itzic Rotterdam 1903 18

301 Mandel,Itzig Bidicserka 1907 16  

302 Mandel,Itzig Wybranowka, Austria 1907 18

303 Mandel,Izee Nikolajew 1906 9

304 Mandel,Izidor Wisztiniec, Russia 1907 6  

305 Mandel,Izidor Kawa, Hungary 1907 48  

306 Mandel,Izidor Szaszfaln, Hungary 1908 0  

307 Mandel,Jack Belfast, Ireland 1914 26  

308 Mandel,Jacob Tegel 1903 58

309 Mandel,Jacob Ulusz 1903 42  

310 Mandel,Jacob Bu... 1904 30

311 Mandel,Jacob Jerholz 1904 25

312 Mandel,Jacob Tarnopol, Austria 1907 16  

313 Mandel,Jacob Stanislaw, Austria 1909 16

314 Mandel,Jacob Dobromil, Austria 1912 20  

315 Mandel,Jacob Lemberg, Austria 1913 33  

316 Mandel,Jacob Kolbusowa, Poland 1920 8  

317 Mandel,Jae Kamarow, Russia 1912 45  

318 Mandel,Jakob Kassa, Hungary 1912 19  

319 Mandel,Jakob Kisvarda, Hungary 1913 56  

320 Mandel,Jancer Plojest 1905 49  

321 Mandel,Jankel London 1904 35  

322 Mandel,Jankel Romancz 1906 49  

323 Mandel,Jankel Norodonko, Austria 1907 42  

324 Mandel,Jankel Havana, Cuba 1922 16  

325 Mandel,Janken Lodz, Russia 1905 3  

326 Mandel,Jankiel Strubieza, Lublin 1921 18  

327 Mandel,Jasel Nikolajew 1906 38  

328 Mandel,Jawl Sedricgow 1903 9  

329 Mandel,Jechiel Russia 1907 40  

330 Mandel,Jechiel Medziberz, Russia 1912 46  

331 Mandel,Jeno Kistopolya, Hungary 1910 17  

332 Mandel,Jeno Kaschan, Hungary 1911 4  

333 Mandel,Jente Minsk 1905 19

334 Mandel,Jente Porzajew 1906 20  

335 Mandel,Jessel Surorgon 1904 25  

336 Mandel,Jike Berdyezew, 1904 19  

337 Mandel,Jirdel Jarmulinctz, Russia 1913 19  

338 Mandel,Jisie R'dam, Holland 1911 22  

339 Mandel,Joel Wistia..., Poland 1923 44  

340 Mandel,Johan Gyulapheivar 1904 9  

341 Mandel,Joleta Opal, Russia 1913 19  

342 Mandel,Josef Berlin 1905 20  

343 Mandel,Josef Svirz, Austria 1907 3  

344 Mandel,Josef Solonow, Russia 1914 18  

345 Mandel,Josef Baralos, Hungary 1914 45  

346 Mandel,Josef Kolbusowa, Poland 1920 6  

347 Mandel,Josef Wien Muden, Poland 1921 27  

348 Mandel,Josef Michalovce, Cz Slovakia 1921 21

349 Mandel,Josel Slunnsk, Russia 1911 18  

350 Mandel,Joseph Bucarest 1904 58  

351 Mandel,Joseph Liverpool 1906 20  

352 Mandel,Joseph Tarnarida, Russia 1910 27  

353 Mandel,Joseph Liverpool, England 1924 36  

354 Mandel,Josif Kriminetz, Russia 1914 4  

355 Mandel,Jossel Galicia 1912 18  

356 Mandel,Jozef Palfolde, Hungary 1906 8  

357 Mandel,Jozsef Nyisbatis, Hungary 1912 7  

358 Mandel,Jozsef Nyirbator, Hungary 1914 9  

359 Mandel,Juda-Kirsch Lubau, Russia 1913 9  

360 Mandel,Juitke Nikolajew 1906 0  

361 Mandel,Julie Plojest 1905 41  

362 Mandel,Jute Nikolajew 1906 7

363 Mandel,Kasriel Minkiwits, Russia 1914 24

364 Mandel,Kati Kisvarda, Hungary 1913 15  

365 Mandel,Katie Risvarda, Hungary 1913 17  

366 Mandel,Kele Bialozerki, Russia 1907 20  

367 Mandel,Klara Krakan 1903 26  

368 Mandel,Lajos Ungvar 1907 50  

369 Mandel,Lajos New York, USA 1912 52

370 Mandel,Lara Norodonko, Austria 1907 11  

371 Mandel,Lava Antwerp, Russia 1906 3  

372 Mandel,Lea Zigowki, Russia 1913 25  

373 Mandel,Leah Liverpool, England 1916 4  

374 Mandel,Ledonia Rudnik 1907 19  

375 Mandel,Lehman Guiewezow, Russia 1912 23  

376 Mandel,Leib Scemislany, Gal. 1903 38  

377 Mandel,Leib Russia 1904 35  

378 Mandel,Leib Nikolajew 1905 29  

379 Mandel,Leib Letitschy 1906 34  

380 Mandel,Leib Lage 1906 4  

381 Mandel,Leib Trzemyslang, Austria 1907 28

382 Mandel,Leib Szalkiew, Austria 1910 25  

383 Mandel,Leib Przenuplany, Austria 1910 23

384 Mandel,Leib Bialozoska, Russia 1922 24

385 Mandel,Leib Kowel, Russia 1922 15

386 Mandel,Leibisch Svirz, Austria 1907 5

387 Mandel,Leie Krakan 1903 7  

388 Mandel,Leie Chetsk, Russia 1906 28  

389 Mandel,Leie Mesebot, Podol 1908 0  

390 Mandel,Leiser Wybranowka 1904 24  

391 Mandel,Leiser Radolz, Austria 1907 26

392 Mandel,Leiser Krassilow, Russia 1908 19

393 Mandel,Leiser Izridzston, Austria 1911 17  

394 Mandel,Leiser Stasson Radon, Russia 1911 14

395 Mandel,Leni N. Beregh 1907 30  

396 Mandel,Leon Selow 1905 26  

397 Mandel,Lepa Tocsani 1903 37  

398 Mandel,Lere Branowiz 1903 35  

399 Mandel,Libe Lodz 1905 40  

400 Mandel,Liebe Petersburg 1906 10  

401 Mandel,Life Lemberg, Poland 1921 19  

402 Mandel,Lila Zimierynka, Russia 1906 33

403 Mandel,Lina Ujfelierto, Hungary 1909 34

404 Mandel,Lip... Bialozorka 1904 37

405 Mandel,Lipot Kassa, Hung. 1910 17

406 Mandel,Lippe Petersburg 1906 8

407 Mandel,Lisel Holomea 1906 6

408 Mandel,L. Malka Stanislau, Poland 1920 40

409 Mandel,Lore Chatyn 1905 18

410 Mandel,Lore Odessa, Russia 1911 26  

411 Mandel,Lotti Berhomet, Bessarabia 1923 21  

412 Mandel,Louis Luknik, Russia 1909 23  

413 Mandel,Louis New York, N. Y.; U.S.A. 1914 30

414 Mandel,Ludovic Cazelul, Roumania 1923 43

415 Mandel,Ludwig Wien, Austria 1910 6

416 Mandel,Lutzer Warschan 1907 31

417 Mandel,Luzar Norodonko, Austria 1907 15  

418 Mandel,Machlia Ruwna, Poland 1922 49

419 Mandel,Maeke Brest 1904 15  

420 Mandel,Maier London 1905 44  

421 Mandel,Majer Nikolajew 1905 28

422 Mandel,Mala Ruwna, Poland 1922 19  

423 Mandel,Malbe Mokre, Austria 1910 18  

424 Mandel,Mali Lemberg, Poland 1921 50  

425 Mandel,Malka Yamow, Poland 1921 26

426 Mandel,Malka Kowel, Russia 1922 21

427 Mandel,Malke Krakau, Galicia 1909 17  

428 Mandel,Malke Odessa, Russia 1911 7  

429 Mandel,Malvin Nagy Varad, Hungary 1908 28

430 Mandel,Malvino Hamesfalva 1906 19

431 Mandel,Maly Ungvar 1907 10  

432 Mandel,Mandel Norodonko, Austria 1907 2

433 Mandel,Mandel Berdiszew, Russia 1912 17

434 Mandel,Mania Odessa 1904 25

435 Mandel,Mania Zimierynka, Russia 1906 0  

436 Mandel,Margaret Silvane, Roumania 1921 9

437 Mandel,Margel Tsomofalva, Roumany 1920 7

438 Mandel,Margit Nyisbatis, Hungary 1912 11  

439 Mandel,Margit Telekhaja, Hungary 1913 15

440 mandel,Maria Kesrarda 1905 17  

441 Mandel,Mariam London, England 1909 23  

442 Mandel,Marie Mesebot, Podol 1908 25

443 Mandel,Mariem Rychwald, Austria 1912 18  

444 Mandel,Mariem Kolbusowa, Poland 1920 10

445 Mandel,Mariska Kaschan, Hungary 1911 7

446 Mandel,Marjem Germnik Poland 1921 26

447 Mandel,Markus Ungvar 1907 8  

448 Mandel,Markus Przemysl, Austria 1910 20

449 Mandel,Mary Lubienki, Poland 1920 54

450 Mandel,Marya Ropa, Galicia 1911 19

451 Mandel,Masche Poczajew, Russia 1909 8  

452 Mandel,Matel Bialozowska 1904 19

453 Mandel,Mauricio Buenos Aires, Argentine 1921 26  

454 Mandel,Max Kremenetz 1903 27

455 Mandel,Max London 1904 22

456 Mandel,Max   1920 21  

457 Mandel,Mechel Bialozerki, Russia 1907 22  

458 Mandel,Mechel Odessa, Russia 1911 3  

459 Mandel,Meier Zimierynka, Russia 1906 6  

460 Mandel,Meier Nikolajew 1906 19

461 Mandel,Meier Wisorowke, Russia 1910 3

462 Mandel,Meier Tolua, Russia 1911 11  

463 Mandel,Meier Rinmetz, Russia 1913 11  

464 Mandel,Meilech Petrikovs 1905 5  

465 Mandel,Menasche Berdirzew, Russia 1912 21  

466 Mandel,Mendel Cape Town, S. A. 1905 28  

467 Mandel,Mendel Borislaw 1906 21  

468 Mandel,Mendel Antwerp, Russia 1906 4

469 Mandel,Merryheit Kasia, Hungary 1904 28  

470 Mandel,Messel Slutz K, Minsk 1908 28  

471 Mandel,Meyer Czsoone, Radom, Russia 1910 17

472 Mandel,Meyer Nigeiezn, Poland 1922 19  

473 Mandel,Michael Wien, Austria 1915 42  

474 Mandel,Michal Brady, Austria 1913 38  

475 Mandel,Michel Polonnoje, Kiev 1907 10  

476 Mandel,Mihaly Palfolde, Hungary 1906 36  

477 Mandel,Mihalyne Palfolde, Hungary 1906 40

478 Mandel,Miksa Kaschan, Hungary 1911 8  

479 Mandel,Milach Warschan, Russia 1909 17  

480 Mandel,Mina Liverpool, England 1923 60  

481 Mandel,Mina Liverpool, England 1923 61  

482 Mandel,Minde Wegrow, Poland 1922 21  

483 Mandel,Mindel Chatin 1905 46  

484 Mandel,Mindel Wybranowka, Austria 1914 17

485 Mandel,Mine Tarnopol 1904 18  

486 Mandel,Mira Wiesenberg 1904 22  

487 Mandel,Mirel Litowsk 1904 19  

488 Mandel,Mirl Przlmisslany, Austria 1909 18  

489 Mandel,Mito US 1907 35  

490 Mandel,Moische Bereskezko, Russia 1911 50  

491 Mandel,Moische Zigowki, Russia 1913 0

492 Mandel,Moische Torgen, Russia 1914 17  

493 Mandel,Mojsche Winica 1903 27  

494 Mandel,Mojsche Nikolajew 1906 3

495 Mandel,Mojsche Szatanow, Russia 1913 18

496 Mandel,Mojsche Berdiczew, Russia 1913 22

497 Mandel,Mojtze Dwikoze 1905 20  

498 Mandel,Mordka Dubienka, Russia 1910 27  

499 Mandel,Mordko Briczany, Roumania 1922 29

500 Mandel,Moritz Stanislaw 1903 10

501 Mandel,Moriz Berlin 1903 16  

502 Mandel,Morsche Beltz 1905 28  

503 Mandel,Morsche Zelew Pistsh, Russia 1910 22

504 Mandel,Morschko Pukenka, Russia 1913 2  

505 Mandel,Moses Kasty 1903 0  

506 Mandel,Moses Kutchen 1905 1  

507 Mandel,Moses Morochow, Austria 1910 30  

508 Mandel,Moses Kowancza, Austria 1912 18  

509 Mandel,Moses Richwald, Austria 1912 17  

510 Mandel,Moses Staszow, Russia 1913 18  

511 Mandel,Moses Podgosze, Krakow, Poland 1920 11  

512 Mandel,Motel Janzichost 1907 17  

513 Mandel,Mowsch Luban, Minsk, Russia 1907 17  

514 Mandel,Naftoli Warschau, Russia 1909 28

515 Mandel,Narton Lasztomer 1903 0  

516 Mandel,Nechame Trzasne, Russia 1914 18

517 Mandel,Nechanie Branowiz 1903 6  

518 Mandel,Noe Radom, Russia 1912 35  

519 Mandel,Nordeche   1906 28  

520 Mandel,Nosel Ponewesch, Russia 1914 10

521 Mandel,Nuchem Litin, Russia 1907 21  

522 Mandel,Nuchim Zenerentar, Russia 1906 22

523 Mandel,Orel Lewi Ponewesch, Russia 1914 4  

524 Mandel,Ottylia Berlin 1903 18  

525 Mandel,Paje Zablotow, Austria 1910 37  

526 Mandel,Pauline Dargan, Hungary 1908 24  

527 Mandel,Peisach Barditschew 1906 22

528 Mandel,Peisach Opolc, Russia 1910 22

529 Mandel,Peisach Tolua, Russia 1911 36  

530 Mandel,Pepi Plojest 1905 7  

531 Mandel,Pepi Berkomek, Austria 1911 18

532 Mandel,Perl Wisorowke, Russia 1910 16  

533 Mandel,Pesic Austria 1907 17  

534 Mandel,Pesie Rotterdam 1903 28  

535 Mandel,Pesse Nikolajew 1906 1  

536 Mandel,Philipp N. Y. C., U. S. A. 1914 26  

537 Mandel,Pim Ratne, Russia 1911 24  

538 Mandel,Pinie Jagielnicz 1907 21

539 Mandel,Pinkas Radvany 1902 23  

540 Mandel,Pinkas F. Svidink 1904 25

541 Mandel,Pinkas Driedrilow, Austria 1910 18  

542 Mandel,Psachje Bussk, Slozow 1921 35  

543 Mandel,Rachael Liverpool 1905 20  

544 Mandel,Rachel Ostrowice, Polen 1920 18  

545 Mandel,Raichla Lamaz, Poland 1920 7

546 Mandel,Rasil Dubienko, Poland 1920 22  

547 Mandel,Regina Frigyesfaln 1903 20  

548 Mandel,Regina Bu... 1904 24  

549 Mandel,Regina Miskolez 1904 22  

550 Mandel,Regina Phila. Pa. 1906 48  

551 Mandel,Regina Nagoszyn, Austria 1913 19

552 Mandel,Regina Sosujfaln, Hungary 1913 16

553 Mandel,Regina Kosova, Poland 1920 39

554 Mandel,Regina Rychwald, Poland 1922 21

555 Mandel,Reisel Kutchen 1905 42

556 Mandel,Reisel Ostrowice, Polen 1920 39  

557 Mandel,Reizel Stidhiwitz, Russia 1913 25

558 Mandel,Rella Nagytarkeny, Hungary 1913 18

559 Mandel,Reszinka Kaschan, Hungary 1911 8  

560 Mandel,Rezsi Palfolde, Hungary 1906 10  

561 Mandel,Rifhan Stasson Radon, Russia 1911 7  

562 Mandel,Rifke Lage 1906 24  

563 Mandel,Risze Lemberg, Poland 1921 9  

564 Mandel,Rivke Slodrow, Austria 1908 36

565 Mandel,Riwa Radantz, Roumania 1920 23  

566 Mandel,Riwe Telschen, Russia 1909 21

567 Mandel,Riwe Telschen, Russia 1909 21  

568 Mandel,Riwka Lubau, Russia 1913 9  

569 Mandel,Riwka Pukenka, Russia 1913 24  

570 Mandel,Riwke Grodao 1906 0  

571 Mandel,Riwke Antwerp, Russia 1906 30  

572 Mandel,Riwke Leszezyw, Austria 1910 18  

573 Mandel,Riwke Ottynia, Austria 1913 16  

574 Mandel,Rochle Zimierynka, Russia 1906 9  

575 Mandel,Rosa Tegel 1903 80  

576 Mandel,Rosa Sotmar 1906 50  

577 Mandel,Rosa Palfolde, Hungary 1906 6

578 Mandel,Rosa Budapest, Hungary 1908 31

579 Mandel,Rosa Kassa, Hungary 1908 16  

580 Mandel,Rosa Buda Pest, Hungary 1913 43  

581 Mandel,Rosa Vienna, Austria 1916 39  

582 Mandel,Rosa Kolbusowa, Poland 1920 33  

583 Mandel,Rosa Tsomofalva, Roumany 1920 33  

584 Mandel,Rosa Vienna, Austria 1922 8

585 Mandel,Rose Szobrancz 1899 50  

586 Mandel,Rose Liverpool, England 1920 19  

587 Mandel,Rose Liverpool, England 1921 20  

588 Mandel,Rosi Barsleas, Hungary 1914 18

589 Mandel,Rosia   1906 24  

590 Mandel,Rosie Kisvarda, Hungary 1913 11  

591 Mandel,Roza Nemetz, Hungary 1905 9  

592 Mandel,Roza Schezedin, Russia 1909 14  

593 Mandel,Roza Ulanow, Austria 1909 17  

594 Mandel,Roza New York, USA 1912 42  

595 Mandel,Roza Rychwald, Poland 1922 18  

596 Mandel,Ruchel Buok, Austria 1909 20  

597 Mandel,Ruve Brest Lit. 1907 40  

598 Mandel,Salamon Csotortok 1906 17

599 Mandel,Salev Nemetz, Hungary 1905 11  

600 Mandel,Salmen Slawnta, Russia 1913 28

601 Mandel,Salmon Russia 1911 30

602 Mandel,Salomon Krakan 1905 21  

603 Mandel,Salomon Wilisk 1906 20  

604 Mandel,Salomon Gurah...ora, Austria 1910 26

605 Mandel,Salomon Gurahumora, Russia 1910 26  

606 Mandel,Salomon Gurahmaora, Russia 1910 26  

607 Mandel,Salomon Gurahumora, Austria 1910 25

608 Mandel,Salomon Wiznitz, Austria 1914 1

609 Mandel,Saly Ungvar 1907 40  

610 Mandel,Samuel Jagielnica 1907 52  

611 Mandel,Samuel Rulawa, Austria 1908 21  

612 Mandel,Samuel Bukaezoweze, Austria 1911 17  

613 Mandel,Samuel Bukaczovcze, Austria 1911 17

614 Mandel,Samuel Rinmetz, Russia 1913 38

615 Mandel,Samuel Patakalwe, Russia 1913 25  

616 Mandel,Samuel Satmas, Hungary 1913 32  

617 Mandel,Samuel Vienna, Austria 1922 32  

618 Mandel,Sandor Magygeros, Cz. Slov. 1921 13

619 Mandel,Sara Nwinetzka 1904 45  

620 Mandel,Sara Holomea 1906 26  

621 Mandel,Sara Czimerince, Austria 1912 17  

622 Mandel,Sara Roppa, Austria 1914 17  

623 Mandel,Sara Hungary 1914 22  

624 Mandel,Sara Lisko, Poland 1923 16  

625 Mandel,Sarah Dargan, Hungary 1908 18  

626 Mandel,Sarah Poczajew, Russia 1909 35  

627 Mandel,Sarah Staszow, Russia 1911 40

628 Mandel,Sarotta Szaszfaln, Hungary 1908 2

629 Mandel,Saul Chelm, Poland 1921 9  

630 Mandel,Schachue Plastak, Minsk 1909 41

631 Mandel,Schamschon Mokre, Galiz. 1909 36  

632 Mandel,Scharie Sluzk 1904 35  

633 Mandel,Scharie Luban, Minsk, Russia 1907 16

634 Mandel,Schatse Tolejm, Russia 1914 17  

635 Mandel,Schawnlen Mokie, Galicia 1909 36

636 Mandel,Schectke Grodao 1906 28  

637 Mandel,Scheftel Wzbranowka, Austria 1914 18  

638 Mandel,Scheindel Warsaw, Russia 1917 38

639 Mandel,Schifra Ostrowice, Polen 1920 9

640 Mandel,Schije Brest Lit. 1907 9  

641 Mandel,Schika Welice, Russia 1910 19  

642 Mandel,Schimel Berdyezew, 1904 30  

643 Mandel,Schimschen Briczany, Roumania 1922 72  

644 Mandel,Schlemie Grodao 1906 8  

645 Mandel,Schloime Opole, Russia 1910 20

646 Mandel,Schlojme Ledowitz 1905 20

647 Mandel,Schlojssie Titsiew, Russia 1911 10

648 Mandel,Schmerl Lodz, Russia 1912 23

649 Mandel,Schmiel Nikolajew 1906 11  

650 Mandel,Scholem Biro 1904 20  

651 Mandel,Schulem Michalovce, Cz Slovakia 1921 24

652 Mandel,Seben Gyulapheivar 1904 35  

653 Mandel,Seib Scheu, Russia 1910 0

654 Mandel,Seidel Skalat, Austria 1909 25  

655 Mandel,Selma Wien, Austria 1910 21  

656 Mandel,Selmen Branowiz 1903 3

657 Mandel,Shloime Opele, Russia 1907 17  

658 Mandel,Siesi Nemetz, Hungary 1905 3  

659 Mandel,Sifre Lea Ponewesch, Russia 1914 7  

660 Mandel,Sigmund Wien 1906 19

661 Mandel,Sigmund Busk, Austria 1908 27

662 Mandel,Simche Brest Lit. 1907 7  

663 Mandel,Sime Schinischentz, Rouman. 1922 45  

664 Mandel,Simon Laguw 1904 31  

665 Mandel,Simon Belfast, Ireland 1914 31  

666 Mandel,Simon Sankuta Mare, Roum. 1923 44

667 Mandel,So...e Kateozi, Russia 1910 ...6  

668 Mandel,Solomon Nowytarz, Austria 1910 41  

669 Mandel,Sonia Pukenka, Russia 1913 3

670 Mandel,Sore Lodz 1904 22  

671 Mandel,Sore Lodz 1905 7  

672 Mandel,Sore Riwke Ponewesch, Russia 1914 35

673 Mandel,Sosche Lodz, Poland 1920 26

674 Mandel,Srul Torczin, Russia 1907 16

675 Mandel,Srul Bisla, Russia 1913 25  

676 Mandel,Srul Popofze, Russia 1914 43  

677 Mandel,Srul-Jankel Kriminetz, Russia 1914 34

678 Mandel,Staik Zloczow, Austria 1909 17

679 Mandel,Stella Wien, Austria 1910 5  

680 Mandel,Stjc Todow, Russia 1913 21  

681 Mandel,Sucher Rotterdam 1904 42  

682 Mandel,Sunker Lubienki, Poland 1920 16  

683 Mandel,Sura Popofze, Russia 1914 42  

684 Mandel,Sure Stasson Radon, Russia 1911 40  

685 Mandel,Sure Jadowa, Russia 1913 17  

686 Mandel,Surhi Russia Nowosielitza 1912 18  

687 Mandel,Symcha Wybranowka, Poland 1922 25

688 Mandel,Szayndla Lisko, Poland 1923 18  

689 Mandel,Szifra Probozna, Poland 1920 31  

690 Mandel,Szmuel Dubentra, Russia 1912 17

691 Mandel,Taube Lemberg, Poland 1921 21  

692 Mandel,Tecbra London 1904 23  

693 Mandel,Tesia Bnksczow, Austria 1910 17

694 Mandel,Toni Stanislaw 1903 26

695 Mandel,Useher Wenzrowa, Russia 1910 20

696 Mandel,Wilma N. Bereg 1906 24  

697 Mandel,Wilmos Ungvar 1904 21

698 Mandel,Windla Shmirinka, Russia 1923 1

699 Mandel,Woboel ..., Russia 1906 26  

700 Mandel,Wolf. Talne 1904 20

701 Mandel,Wolf Wotow, Russia 1910 36  

702 Mandel,Wolf Brazinie, Poland 1912 21

703 Mandel,Wolf Vienna, Austria 1923 38  

704 Mandel,Xulor Scheu, Russia 1910 41  

705 Mandel,Yantzel Scheu, Russia 1910 11

706 Mandel,Yeltie Wiznitz, Austria 1914 30

707 Mandel,Yozsef Szaszfaln, Hungary 1908 33

708 Mandel,Yozsefine Szaszfaln, Hungary 1908 23

709 Mandel,Yrina Gyulapheivar 1904 11  

710 Mandel,Zalel Poczajew, Russia 1909 10

711 Mandel,Zali Tarczab 1903 28

712 Mandel,Zali Kisvarda, Hungary 1913 50

713 Mandel,Zali Magygeros, Cz. Slov. 1921 19

714 Mandel,Zals Garva 1905 24

715 Mandel,Zcharie Schezedin, Russia 1909 42

716 Mandel,Zeile Ratne 1906 19  

717 Mandel,Zelde Wisorowke, Russia 1910 9

718 Mandel,Zelte Wola, Austria 1911 17  

719 Mandel,Zenda Zimierynka, Russia 1906 2

720 Mandel,Zewie Lodz, Russia 1905 26

721 Mandel,Zigmund Gyula, Hungary 1913 28  

722 Mandel,Zigmund Teheroar, Hungaria 1913 28

723 Mandel,Zisil Rotterdam, Russia 1911 20

724 Mandel,Ziwia Briczany, Roumania 1922 71  

725 Mandel,Zsak Perchown 1907 17

726 Mandel,... Lysnia 1906 16  

727 Mandel (Daughter),Ruvke Jeraslaw, Russia 1914 15

728 Mandel (Daughter),Schige Jeraslaw, Russia 1914 9

729 Mandel (Tailor),Aron Parchogrod, Russia 1914 38  

730 Mandel (Wife),Leie Jeraslaw, Russia 1914 44  

731 Mandel Altman,Mirel Pezemydany, Austria 1908 4

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David Hoffman
President
Jewish Family History Foundation
www.jewishfamilyhistory.org
GDLProject@aol.com

Barry Mandell <gabels11@.com>
Date: Sat, Jun 18, 2011 at 8:46 AM
Subject: Chicago Family Mandel
To: egl.comments@gmail.com

Dear Mr. Levitan,

Let me introduce my self, my name is Barry Mandell. For many years I
have been searching for a contact to the Mandel Family of Chicago
included in your site. I have contacted every Ancestry.com listing,
called nearly every Mandell over 60 in the Chicago area phone book and
to no avail. It has been well told in my Mandell family that my
grandfather, Jacob Mandel, was related to the brothers and visited
them late 1890's or so. This all the information I have of my
grandfather, I have come to a dead end at ever direction.

I was hoping that with the information you have on the family you
might have a suggestion.

Recently, I have become a member of the Siauliai District Research
Group of LitvakSIG and am overwhelmed by the commitment that has been
made. My research is for my Matskel Family has exceeded my
expectations.

I look forward to hearing from you.

With best wishes,
Shalom, Barry Mandell

From: The Sommas <thesommafamily@earthlink.net>
Date: Tue, Mar 1, 2016 at 10:20 AM

Hello - My name is Jackie Somma and I am researching my grandmother, Anna Mandel.
 
Anna was sent to America to live with her uncle and take care of their children. I found the ship manifest showing she arrived in 1914, where it says she was 18, We believe she was actually only about 13.  Her father sent her, according to family history, because her mother died and he was going to have her older brothers stay in Russia. We thought she was from Kiev, but the ship manifest shows Trzasne, Russia.
 
Her father's name is listed as Yankel Mandel.  We know that he did not come to the US and was reportedly killed at Babi Yar, along with Anna's brothers.
 
I found a website on the Mandels.  Are you still researching the background for this family?
 
Jackie Somma

YEHUDA MANDEL [1-1-1]http://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/RG-50.462.0116_01_trs_en.pdf
From the collection of the Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive
THIS IS AN INTERVIE.org/oh_findingaidstrs_en.pdf
YM - Cantor Yehuda Mandel [interviewee]
NL - Nora Levin [interviewer]
Interview - 1982,
NL: Now, Cantor Mandel, would you be good enough to tell us a little about when
and where you were born and a little about your family background?
YM: Dr. Levin, I was born in a small town in Hungary called Csepe.
Ugocsa Comidat. The district. On March the 3rd, 1904.
NL: So this was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
YM: This was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was in the part of Hungary
which was the so-called "religious" Jewish part, where we spoke Yiddish and, eh, automatically
we learned two, and some of us even three languages when we were small children. Yiddish
was spoken inside as soon as we closed the door.
From the inside we spoke Yiddish only. As soon as we were on the outside, the language was Hungarian and in some cases the Russian,
Maloruski, the Ukrainian language.
NL: May I ask, why Russian? What was the Russian influence there?
YM: Because there, at that part of Hungary, were many, many Ukrainians who spoke Russian, and the pressure was so big, even 50
and 100 years ago, to tear away from mainly Austro-Hungary because they felt that they can't live as nationals. Their culture, their
education, their music, their everything, is oppressed by the Austrian government. Therefore, they, in their own homes, just as we Jews spoke Yiddish, so they spoke Ukrainian.
This, then, shows that that was even in many, many years ago a very highly-explosive part of Hungary. If they could have, probably, they would have torn away the
part of Hungary from the Austro-Hungarian Empire in those days. This brought another interesting fact. They were completely influenced by the Church. Some of them were
Catholics; most of them (the non-Jewish part, we're talking about) were Greek Catholics.
NL: Greek Orthodox.
YM: Greek Orthodox. In both cases, the Church had an immense...eh...
...power and influence over them, and even when I was a small child, I started to
go to heder at the age of three-and-a-half. When I was four and five, I knew very well what it means to be attacked by the non-Jewish students.
They waited for us with sticks and all kinds of things, and we learned to a degree how to fight them as well. This
is maybe an interesting point from a point of view when we ask ourselves, how did the things get to the point where they started in 1938 or '39 in Hungary? But
they really and actually started in 1917 and '18 on a big scale when Horthy and his, eh, people, came and killed plenty of Jews in Hungary proper, and whoever could take advantage of Jews,
did.
NL: Yes, we want to come to that, because that's an extremely important chapter. This was part of the reaction against the Béla Kun Communist regime, I believe. Now, can you
say a little more about your childhood, because this would be so interesting.
YM: I, eh, was born in an extremely Orthodox religious family. My upbringing was the old type of Yiddish upbringing. Eh, and I was four-and-a-half years old, probably, surely
not five yet, I started to learn Chumesh [Pentateuch], Chumesh Midrasheh[Post-Talmudic literature], eh, it wasn't a question of, do I want it? There were no considerations as far as
psychological questions. This was it, and this is the way we grew up.
NL: Can you tell me, eh, excuse me, par-, I think I interrupted you
YM:We were seven children at home,
Three sisters and four brothers, of whom by today only one is alive, who came here in 1913, probably the last boat which reached the United...
That's my oldest sister who lives in Philadelphia. Her name is Mrs. Helen Borish, B-O-R-I-S-H.
The sister who followed her was Esther. She was married to Yaakov Deutsch. One sister, the youngest sister, died.
She was never married. She got what was prevalent in those days in that part of the world, galoppierende Tuberkulose
[consumption] and died before the age of 20. Her name was Rivka.
My brothers, the younger brother, is Yoel. The one following him is Yisrael Dov, or Srulbear, as we called him, and the youngest brother was David.
Now, my sister's children. Did I give you the name of Esther?
NL: Yes.
YM: Yes, I did. Esther had three children.These children are, all three of them, in Israel, are settled there, and there they live.
Yoel, of course, Rivka had no children, Yoel was the first Associate Chief Cantor of the congregation in Zagreb.
He was professor of Hebrew Studies. The younger brother was also a cantor; they were both my pupils.
In Chazanut [studies of religious chants], I mean. We all went to Yeshivot, and the youngest brother, David, David Mandel, died in Israel in 1949. His, he already got his doctoral degree from the university in Budapest, with a yellow star on his lapel. He was a graduate of the seminary in Budapest, and, was a graduate of the university in Budapest.
NL: What a distinguished family!
YM: Interesting, maybe--he was a graduate of the, Hebrew gymnasium in Munkács, and maybe one distinction which does not apply, maybe, to too many people, is that after he
went from Budapest because we were so very active in Zionist works--I wasn't home--he was engaged to a young lady by the name Hava Eisdorfer. Their wedding was supposed to take
place in June in my Temple in Budapest. I wasn't home, of course, I was in labor camp already in 1940-1944, and it never took place, the wedding never took place, of course, but he went
with a Kasztner group...
NL: Ah, yes.
YM:
...to, eh, Bergen-Belsen. Not only that, because of my activity in Budapest, while I was there for ten years, my family was called upon to take them along in my absence...
NL: Mmm

YM:
...and that was, that was wonderful.
NL: Oh yeh.
YM:
These people who you read in this...
NL: Yes...
YM:
...Yuri Brown story, they thought of it, because my brother was just as active. And my brother came to Israel after Bergen-Belsen. And after all this, and taught for awhile in
Gymnasium HaRaealit in Haifa and had an appointment to teach at the university in Yerushalaim [Jerusalem] of all things, Hebrew literature. And, he never reached that day,
because he died in Israel in April of 1949.
NL:
Now, let's go back a bit. I'd like to know a little about your parents. Can you tell me about father and mother?
YM:
Father grew up, probably, the same way as I did. He probably started heder [chuckles] when he was the age of three. He was a real Talmid chochem
[scholar of Talmud]. Very knowledgeable Jew. He also spoke these languages, I have mentioned before, perfectly. He had, quite a bit of knowledge in, in not only
Sifrut [oral law] and, Talmud and Chumash and so on, but he was a Talmid chochem. As a matter of fact, he was not, though he was an ordained rabbi by his own
rabbonim who gave him Hatorath Tora, and Hatorat rabbanot, he
never acted, never was, a professional rabbi, but he
pasket shayles
[decided questions] as they
said there, and took care of the
Yeshuvim
[settlements] all around us, and Avrohom Mandel
was, eh, quite a
bekovedigge
r [honorable Jew]. My mother...
NL:
Did he, eh, make a living out of teachi
ng, or did he have a separate occupation?
YM:
No, no, he had fields and was in the, he was a farmer...
NL: A farmer...
YM:
And I, eh...
NL:
Were Jews able to own land at that time?
YM:
Yes. In those days, yes. My father, who was born in '77, I think, 1877. That was
really the golden period of Hungarian Jews.
NL: I see.
YM:
Because then, it was after '48, after th
e French Revolution and so on. And all
these countries copied to a degree the French freedom, and so on and so forth.
NL: I see.

YEHUDA MANDEL [1-1-5]
From the collection of the Gratz College Holocaust Oral History Archive
YM:
And that expressed itself in the fact as
well for Jews not to have any restrictions.
Jews, as a matter of fact, were allowed to ma
rry non-Jews, for which before they would have
been burned on the, you know?
NL: Stake, yes.
YM:
But in those days there was freedom.
So, you could buy a house. You could get
into business, you could, you could own fields and farms and so on.
NL:
And so, you grew up on the land.
YM: Yes, absolutely.
NL:
Yes. And was the family fairly comfortable, economically...
YM: Yes.
NL:
...or did you have hardships?
YM:
You have to know, I mean, if I should go into this, I don't know.
NL: Yes.
YM:
That in, in that part of Hungary in those days, let's say my days, after 1904, when
I grew up to be at least to understand what's
going on, 1910, '11, '12, and '13, '14, and even to
'16, there is a river which was never controlled and never, never, put into shape, so to say, which
every year brought floods and floods and floods.
NL: Mmm.
YM:
My father became a poor man, I th
ink, between 1910 and 1916. Poor. They
made out somehow, but they weren't comfortable at the time anymore.
NL:
But, eh, the land...
YM: The land...
NL:
...was still his, and...
YM: ...belonged...
NL:
...and was he able to recover?
YM:
Yes, some of it, and whatever could
be done with it was done. But comfortable,
he was not. Before his time, and, of course, my
recollection doesn't go back to that, all these
land, belonged to my mother's father.
NL: I see.
YM:
Eh, and presumably he made a very, very
comfortable living. So that shows that
there must have come some kind of natural cau
ses which made it impossible for them to be
comfortable anymore. My mother, it may be worthwhile to mention, is the daughter of a man
who was a teacher in 1830.
knew, of course, how to
daven
. And I will never forget it. I was maybe eight or nine years old when I davened
in my, in our own congregation at home in Csepa, maariv [evening prayer], on
Pesach, Shavuos, Succot, whatever it was. And eh, and there were, there were those
additional prayers, those inserts, we call them marouvis [evening prayers], lel shamurim
[prayers at Pesach night], and so on and so forth. And I did very well, I, I knew it was no
problem.
NL: Eight.
YM:When I hear people prepare for the Bar Mitzvah a year or two earlier, I'm just angry, because if we were called and
we were eight, nine years old, for a maftir [last reading of the Torah], it was no problem. I mean, it was, as a matter of fact the children were called as a
rule, because that was the only kibbud [honor] a boy could get in those days, to be called for a maftir [one who reads concluding verses of
the Torah portion], because another aliyah he couldn't get; the shevah korim[seven readers] had to be adults
. So, we were the additional, anachron[the last], or a maftir, we could be called too.
NL: This was all very natural in the cycle of your life.
YM: Yeh.
NL:
And so your childhood was passed quite happily.
YM: Yes.
NL:
And, do you have some memories of the war years? Did your family have to move out? Were any, were there any deprivations?
YM:
No. In 1914 when the war broke out, as you well know now, I was ten years old. This is just a side line. I remember exactly
the spot where I read the first announcement of Franz Josef [emperor of Austria/Hungary], who said, "I have thought it through very carefully.
I have given it all the consideration, and we must step in..." and so on and so forth, "the war". The war years I remember very well because there was terrible pressure on all of us. Because
you have to know that we lived right underneath the Carpathian Mountains. And the first lines maybe were about 100 km, which is about 60-65 miles away from us. But I remember
particularly during the war two years, when people who lived at the very end of the Galician part of Austro-Hungary, had to evac-, be evacuated and evacuated, and came to us before
Pesach. What part of the war that was, I don't remember any more, but these people, about 60 families, came into our little community before Pesach, and I will never forget it. Everyone
was put up. At families, my father, zichrono l'bracha [of blessed memory], gave a special, gave special permits to use on that Pesach kitniyot [forbidden food]. He consulted with his
rabbi, and they gave permission not only for matzoh or potatoes or what, but kitniyot. In otherwords, vegetables...
NL: Baked beans
YM: Beans which you wouldn't eat normally.
So, all these families were put up. I
think this was repeated in '15, '16, '15 and '16,
because as the war went on, either the Russians
pushed the Austro-Hungarians back, or the Au
stro-Hungarians pushed the Russians back, but
the war went on in that part of the world, very close to us.
NL: Very close.
YM: Ya.
NL:
But you weren't involved in the...
YM:
We were never evacuated. No.
NL: ...war actually.
YM:
We had, of course, my mother's brother in particular, you may even know about
him, Dr. Moishe Bolgar...
NL: The, the...
YM:
Braun, original name. His original name was Moishe Braun. He was a lawyer
by profession, and a first rate Hebrew novelist and
writer and translator and, so he was at the
battlefield all the time.
NL: A soldier.
YM:
A soldier. And we were under his, under this pressure that we were terribly
scared for him.
NL: For him.
YM:
He was like more than an uncle to us.
And we constantly were scared. He was
then, later on during the war he was the, the
man responsible for a military newspaper called
Manilova
, where he was still in great danger all the time,
but at least he didn't have to stay in the
first line and shoot at someone.
NL:
Yes, and, the end of the war meant
changes for your community. The peace
treaty. What were the territorial changes that involved your town?
YM:
No, first of all, before it came to the
very end and before it was decided that our
part of the world should belong to Czechoslovakia,
or that Czechoslovakia should be called into
being at all, there were the--you know that th
e war in Hungary, especially where we belonged
to, that part of Hungary came to an end by
the White Revolution, White Flower Revolution, I
don't know how that Flower is called, but the Socialist movement became stronger, later on the
ad those little slats made out of wood. This is
the way shoes were manufactured instead of
soles. So, this, these are my impressions. Of course, what can a thirteen-year-old know...
NL: Yes, yes.
YM:
...in this kind of a boiling world.
NL:
Yes, did your parents ever talk to
you or to the children about the Bolshevik
period of occupation?
YM:
In my parents' mind, and I have to say this quite honestly, rightly or wrongly,
Bolsheviks, because we were born, grew up, and liv
ed in a different society, whatever was Red,
whatever was Bolshevik, was poison. They just c
ouldn't, they couldn't even get to the point, I'm
afraid, to consider it.
NL:
But this was how most Jews felt, I believe.
YM:
I would say so, yes.
NL:
Yes, there was a lot to fear.
YM:
Yes, a lot to fear.
NL:
A lot to fear.
YM:
A. The financial standings of ev
eryone were in danger, and second, the
religion...
NL: Anti-religious...
YM:
...which was their life...
NL: Of course.
YM:
...which was their, their mainstay, was constantly in danger.
NL: Of course.
YM:
And we heard that after, I don't know, we knew about all the troubles, let's say
the, the Russian Czar and his
family and his generals gave to the Jewish population of Russia,
we knew about all that, and we were
sorry that they were killed. But
Fonya-ganef
[Russian
thief], as we called him in those days, and as he was called by the people who came to us, eh, we
knew very well what happened to them, a
nd we couldn't really, so to say, say
kaddish
after
them. We were sorry as human beings that they were killed, but we knew that religion is out,
and no more
heder
, and no more
Mishnah
, and no more, no more, eh...
NL:
No more property, no more private property.
YM:
Right, yes, no more private property.
NL:
A lot to fear.

YM:
So from this you will see what our em
otions and even logical considerations
were. Now my father, or mother, never sat down with us to have a political...
NL: Discussion.
YM: Political discussion.
NL: [chuckles]
YM:
I mean in those days. Among the boys
I was the oldest, but my oldest sister
wasn't even there. She left Europe in 1913.
My younger sister got married and she didn't live in
the same place where we lived. I really did not
attend too many, and didn't even have a chance,
to get the feeling--just what I heard superficia
lly--and, of course, if Reb Moishe or Reb Chaim
said that this is terrible, I had to think it is terrible.
NL:
And, and it was. It was. Uh, now
in 1918, 1919, what was the political setup
that affected your town, Cantor?
YM:
In 1918 and 1919, as I said, our part of
the land changed owners, so to say, many
many times, but in '19 I went to Nagyhalasz, to my first
yeshiva
. Nagyhalasz at the time,
already, was Czechoslovakia. And there was a
great relaxation. Our village was divided by
the, rather, about four kilometers from our v
illage we had a river called Tisza, which comes
from the high, up in the...
NL: Carpathian.
YM:
Carpathian mountains. And, eh, flew
through, close by to our river, to our
village. When I used to come home in the first
z'man--z'man
is a semester, six months, you
know--when I used to come home, in '19 or maybe '20, from Nagyhalasz, for a
Shabbes
to be
home with my parents, we didn't need anything else, but a permit from the, Czechoslovakian
police, let's say, or
Gendarmerie
, or whatever it was, that we are citizens or...
NL: Residents.
YM:
...residents of this and this village.
And even if we were stopped, we could pass.
NL:
But your parents were technically within Hungary.
YM:
Technically, they were within Hungary, ye
s. Because it wasn't decided that this
wouldn't be Hungary any more at the time. When
then this other side of the Tisza was, eh,
adopted to be also Czechoslovakia up to a certain point, then things relaxed in our village as
well. But in Nagyhalasz, really we didn't ha
ve this when I got there anymore, because
Nagyhalasz, as such, because it was on the right
hand side of this river, immediately was
decided that this will be part of Podkarpatska
Rus, yes, but it will belong as such, eh, to the
Czechoslovakia.

YM: Czechoslovakia. Now you know th
at Czechoslovakia consisted of
Podkarpatska Rus, Slovakia, Moravia, eh...
NL: Bohemia.
YM:
Bohemia and so on. So, therefore, this wa
s just a part of it. Where we lived was
part of Podkarpatska Rus, all of it belongs, now, of course, to Russia.
NL:
To Russia, yes. And did you live with a private family, or did you live in the
yeshiva
? Was there a dormitory?
YM:
This again is a very interesting story.
Ich hab gegessen cost-teg
["to support
learning" families provided meals for
Yeshiva
students on different days], if you know what
that is.
NL: Yes, yes.
YM:
I eat a...
NL: Eating days.
YM:
Right. Every day at a diffe
rent place. I was just extremely lucky that my father,
as a, a, as the owner of some...
NL: Land.
YM:
...land and so on had cattle to sell, and
had sheep to sell, and had to buy things
from, eh, materials for the farm and so on, so he
had these friends, and I, just by coincidence,
used to have my
cost-teg
at these families.
NL: I see.
YM:
As a matter of fact, my sister-in-law,
Chava, who lives in Israel, her father was
an associate in some way of my father, and I had a
cost-tug
[singular], a day, to get my lunch or
dinner, whatever in their house.
NL: Ah.
YM:
So that I knew Chava Eizdorfer even before she was born.
NL:
[Laughs]. Very interesting. And this was a large
yeshiva
?
YM:
It wasn't a large
yeshiva
; it was a much bigger town than ours. As I say it was
the capital of this district, Ungvar, and, eh, I will say in Nagyhalasz, at the time probably have
lived 350 Jewish, 400 Jewish families. So that
was already a big town. Nagyhalasz had a
beautiful, big synagogue, of
course Orthodox, two, three
betai medrushim
[class-rooms], and it
was a nice, nice town. The
yeshiva
as such was never big, and was never, there was never a
yeshiva
in Nagyhalasz in spite of the fact that the great Shmelcha Klein was the, the
Rov
in Nagyhalasz, it was never a yeshiva
town until Yosef Nehemiah Korenitz,
zichron l'bracha
, came
and organized this
yeshiva
.
NL: I see.
YM:
Which consisted always
of about 30, 35, less than 40
bocherim
[young men].
And mainly youngsters.
NL: Youngsters.
YM:
Young people, 14, 15, I myself studied in
Nagyhalasz for two-and-a-half years;
after that I already went to Ungvar, which wa
s the capital city of Podkarpatska Rus, Uzhgorod,
today it's called Uzhgorod. Eh, and the
Rov
was the chief rabbi of Podkarpatska Rus, Erbavram
Yosef Greenwald, he was a
haver
of my father in his father's
yeshiva
in Ust. So, I went to this
yeshiva
to study. After that, in other words,
we didn't spend, I don't know, the time in
Nagyhalasz until we became ready for, for anything like
hora'ah
[teaching], or whatever it was.
We studied and got a good basic education there.
I myself was there, I think, for five
z'man
[semesters], that means two-and-a-half years.
After that I went to--started to study in Ungvar.
NL:
Oh my. And, were there any secular studies involved, or...
YM: No.
NL:
...did you have a tutor for those?
YM:
In my, of course, in my village you couldn't, even if you did want to...
NL: No.
YM:
...go further than the fourth, maximum the sixth grade.
NL: Grade.
YM:
Eh, so that when I came to Nagyhalasz and my uncle--this uncle which I
mentioned before, was a great influence--to ge
t some secular knowledge as well, I studied
privately. At the end of the
season we took our exams in a private way. Let me mention
something very interesting. I never in my lif
e had any exercises, any kind of painting or
drawing; that was just strange to me.
Farbrenggen di tzait oif a solcha narishkaiten
[to spend
time on such nonsense], who did it? So, at th
e end, when I was prepared, ya, in Nagyhalasz,
there was the middle
shule
, and the [unclear] it was called, where you could get above the
elementary school four grades, four years. So, I wanted to have at least get that what I could. I
don't know if my father ever discussed this question with, eh...
NL: Your uncle.
YM:
No, my uncle he did, but with my rebbe.
NL: Oh.
YM:
Yes, you know, that was a big thing.
NL: Of course.
YM:
Hachutzoniyot
[outside studies] wasn't simple
to study. I don't know if he did or
if he didn't, but he advised me, probably at the influence of my uncle, to go to A, B, C, D
teachers, prepare with them, and at the end they
gave us then, we went
to school, that was a day
assigned for...
NL: Examinations.
YM:
For private examinations. So, the man who gave me the exam in mathematics,
and, eh,
tziur
, eh,
NL: Penmanship?
YM:
No, eh, not penmanship, but you know, to...
NL: Composition?
YM:
To eh, to draw something.
NL: Oh.
YM: Drawing.
NL: Drawing.
YM:
You know, so he said, look, you did quite
well in mathematics. You did terribly,
no, he said, you did terribly in this, my departme
nt and if you will pass mathematics, well, fine,
I will let you pass. If not, [laughs] you won't pass!
NL: [Laughs]
YM: [Laughs]
NL:
Yah, interesting. So now, you stayed in this town for two-and-a-half years...
YM: Two-and-a-half years.
NL: And then?
YM:
Then I went to Ungvar.
NL: That's...
YM: U-N-G-V-A-R.
NL:
And that was in Hungary?
YM:
That was, that was, that was origina
lly, originally it was Hungary. At the time
when I went there it was the capital city of Podkarpatska Rus.
NL:
And how do you spell Podkarpatska Rus?
YM:
P-O-D, Karpatska as you spell, it's a separate word, of course.
NL: Yes.

Kar-Pat-Ski, just as I say it phonetically, Russ, R-U-S-S.

And this was the
capital city of Podkarpatska Rus. In, at the time, 13, 14, two-and-a-half years, I was about
seventeen, eighteen years of age, and I got to U
ngvar, maybe even less, I don't know, I stayed in
Ungvar for four-and-a-half years.
NL: Still studying?
YM:
Still studying, and only this.
NL: At the
yeshiva
there?
YM: At the
yeshiva
. There was a
yeshiva haramah
, it was a big
yeshiva
. There were
300
bocherim
, and there already it was divided in,
eh, divisions and sub-divisions, younger
bocherim
who studied [unclear] just this.
As I have mentioned before,
maidneshiiur
[phonetic]
and so on, so, others who studied up to this a
nd this point, later on others who came up to, I
don't know, the
horaah
, who, who stood for the
nisayon
, [exams]
paskan shailles
and so on.
There was, as I have said, this Erbavram Yosef Greenwald was my father's
haver
[friend] in his
father's
yeshiva
, and he was one, he was the chairman of the committee who examined for the
horaah
.
Horaah
, is you know, all kinds of other things.
NL: Yes.
YM:
But among other things it is, eh
issur veheter
, [prohibition permitted] you know,
kashres
[dietary laws], and
Shabbes
and
yom tov
[holiday] and so on, so, under his guidance, his
son, who died here already, in Brooklyn, who wa
s his successor later on, I studied with him,
Yehoshua Greenwald, and together we were
ordained, if I may call it that, to be
rabbonim
, and
to, that was not yet
haturis rabbonis
[ordination], it was just to
paskan
and to
paskan shailles
in
issur veheter
.
NL: Mmm Hmm.
YM: Up to
simank
?
fiyot
. That was the way it went.
And that's the way, the way it
worked.
NL:
That was the cycle.
YM:
The cycle, yes. That was the highest
. That was the most, eh, progress, the
highest grade, let's say, achieved.
NL: Yes.
YM:
So this is what I finished in Ungvar.
From Ungvar I was, at the age of 19 and
older, probably, drafted into the Czech army.
2
Podkarpatska Rus in
Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer
.

NL: I see.
YM:
I think we should stop here and now
and we could probably, ya, and we will...
NL:
We'll continue, all right, thank you very much, eh.
NL:
We are continuing the interview with Cantor Mandel, March 3rd, 1982, Nora
Levin interviewing. Cantor Mandel, would you
now tell us the circumstances under which you,
went into the Czech army, and your experiences in the army?
YM:
I see, eh...[tape turns off briefly]
YM:
I'm sorry for this interruption. You as
ked me to tell you how I got into the Czech
army? Of course I was drafted and, like anybody else, at the time [phone rings; pause]
NL: All right.
YM:
Is this O.K.? The draft into the Czech
army went like everywhere else. You had
to register, and, the draft board saw you in March,
for what I had to come home especially from
my
yeshiva
, and I was found, eh, able to, to serve.
NL:
What year was this?
YM:
That was in 1924. 1924. I then, wh
en I was drafted, I went back to
yeshiva
for
my last exams which I had to go through, and with that I started to look, maybe for a position for
the High Holy Days, because draftees had to report October the 1st, and on October the 1st, was
I think
erev
or
Rosh Hashanah
, I tried out in a few places. Fina
lly I, performed the services, I
davened
, and served in Ruzomberok [phonetic], th
at's called Russaveit [phonetic] eh, where,
eh, a high military official who was a physician w
ho had a sanatorium in Detatra [phonetic] told
me I shouldn't be concerned, he will give me pr
oper documentation that I got sick on the way to
Olmütz where I had to, mail some letter that I ha
d to report, and this would be accepted. The
only thing what will happen is that I will have to
serve a few days, and in this case it was ten
days, after I am finished with my year-and-a-half
of service. It happened that way in 1926 I got
out of this early Czech military
service. A very interesting thing and maybe worthwhile to
mention just for one reason, how the Czech, who--
how liberal and wonderful
they were. In the
Czech army, any candidate for the priesthood, the ra
bbinate, or such, had the right to, after basic
training, which everyone had to go through, and that
was ten weeks, he had the right to report or
to request or was even asked if he wants to
go to a school, school for military administration
was one way, the second possibility was a school in
different hospitals to learn and study and
become a male nurse. I chose the hospitals, the military nursing, and went through all kinds of

courses, and finally I was placed in Olmütz
,
which is a town, Olomoudz
3
, spelled
A-L-O-M-O-U-D-Z, where I served in their
basheli
, in, in the hospital there,
Nahradisko
, and
Novy Svet
[all phonetic]. Those were the two places wh
ere I served. The patients, the soldiers,
came in the morning, with this kind, that kind, th
e other kind of illnesses, and we always had
two doctors. It happened that the commandant of
the school, who was a, eh, colonel, a Jew, Dr.
Galner, I will never forget his name, he was the
head of these departments where I served. So,
I served there, and from there I was discharged from the military.
NL:
That would be 1927?
YM: 1926.
NL: 1926.
YM:
'24 I was taken, '26 I got out. The military service at the time was a
year-and-a-half, eighteen months. From there, I
went home and, eh, as every Jewish father, my
father saw my future very well-established and wa
nted me to get married and so on. I, however,
as I have mentioned before, got infected with mu
sic. It happened partially that when I came in,
as a, as a, into the military, one day a lieuten
ant came out to the exercises and asked who could
help him out. He was studying a new operetta for the, to be performed on the celebration of
Masaryk's birthday, and he would like some people
who could sing to help him, and so on. So
my friends, who knew me from
yeshiva
, they heard me
daven
there and all that, said, "He has a
nice voice." So, this man arranged with my co
mmanding officer to see him. I didn't know one
musical note at the time, not at all. And this
wonderful human being was patient with me and
taught me
Prodanánev
?
sta
, the, the, ten, the Bride, whatever...
NL: Bartered Bride?
YM: Ya.
NL: Smetana.
YM:
Smetana. He taught it to me. Of course I didn't know, I was never in a theater.
NL: Uhm hmn.
YM:
So, I didn't know when to go out and when
to come in, but he pushed me in and
pulled me out, just like, but I knew the music very
well, because music, a musical ear I had. I
learned everything by ear.
NL: Interesting.ve
YM:
In Pressburg, you mean?
NL: Yes.
YM:
I was, because I made myself availa
ble to many, of course you know that the
congregations in Europe were orga
nized, there was one community, one
kehillah
, but there
were many small synagogues. And I was always invited to
daven
here, to
daven
there, and I
was paid for it. And this money which I made th
ere, I could continue my musical studies right
in Pressburg proper, and eventually travel to Vi
enna and pay for my lessons, which I got there.
NL:
These were vocal lessons?
YM:
Vocal lessons, musical lessons. I didn't know, I had no musical training.
NL:
Did you go to a conservatory, or...
YM: Later on.
NL: Later on.
YM:
In Vienna. In 1926 I finally...
h

Tape two, side one:
NL:
This is a continuation of our interview with Cantor Mandel, tape two, side one.
Yes, you were saying about your musical education?
YM:
I got my musical education from 1926, '27, '28, when I already used to go to
Vienna and had lessons in Press
burg. In 1928, finally, I went over to Vienna and settled there.
The way to settle there for me was one way. I
became the cantor of a small congregation which
was supposed to have been built later on, a beautif
ul temple and so on, but when I came there,
the name of it was Montef-Temple Montefiore,
Tabelstrasse achtunddreissig
[38]. That's
where I functioned as a cantor and got a salary wh
ich was very small, but I taught a lot. I had
children to prepare for bar mitzvahs and gave
lessons in Talmud and other Hebrew lessons.
And this is the way I maintained myself in Vi
enna while I was studying, was the cantor of this
little congregation, and did other work, and studied. Now there I was already a student in
Neues Wiener Konservatorium. That was the
place where I studied music and voice and piano
and so on and so forth.
NL:
You had the best of both worlds.
YM: Ya, right.
NL:
So, tell me a little about your impressions of the Jewish community as you
experienced it.
YM: In Vienna?
NL:
In Vienna, yes. And whether there
were any ominous signs of antisemitism or
the coming of the Nazi movement.
YM:
If I will tell you that at the time when
I was in Vienna, or a little before that, a
school was organized there for the training of
Bet Sefer L'hazanim Vemorim
[school for cantors
and teachers]. However, in order to understa
nd how it could be organized, you have to know
that at the time I was fortunate to meet and the
school was lucky, I think, to have been organized
at the time when the chief rabbi of Austria in Vienna, of course, was Rav Chajes.
NL:
How is that spelled?
YM: C-H-A-J-E-S.
NL:
Oh, very well-known.
YM: Sure.
NL:
Yes, of course.

YM:
A person who was not only the great
lamdan
[scholar], was not only the, the,
extremely well educated person in every field,
but he loved, he was never married, and he
always told us that we are his family. He used
to come into school. I will never forget it and I
consider it as a great, eh, as an extraordinary
occurrence in my life. Rav Chajes came in to
school and at the time he prepared something, either it was
Yom Kippur katan
service or
something or
minha
for weekdays, and he looked at me
and came over to me and got a hold of
my cheeks and said, "
Solche bokerim darfen mir haben hier
[We need such young men here!]."
NL:
[Chuckles] Oh, how beautiful.
YM:
Eh, he heard about me, about my b
ackground, and so on. But maybe there is
another thing. After I studied for about two years or something like that in Vienna, in the
meantime I went to
Bet Sefer L'hazanim Vemorim
, went, had these teachings, was the cantor of
this small congregation, something happened in Vi
enna. The 20th District
of Vienna looked for
a
hazan
at the time. And this is again interesti
ng maybe for people to know
. It's history. The
Vienna congregation, even for its smallest distri
ct, like Florence, or it was the name of the 20th
District, was looking for a cantor, so they, in
those days there was no Cantor's Assembly and
there was no placement commission, so they put an announcement in the newspapers that
this-and-this age, and this-and-this quality and
so on and so forth is needed, and whoever felt
like applying, applied. One hundred and eighteen people applied in 1928, young people, all
talented, all very fine young upcoming people, and out of this amount of
people, about 12 were
chosen, not for an audition, but
für eine Vorprobe
[pre-audition]. That means before they were
given permission to perform in synagogue, the
board, the rabbis, the music educators, the
conductors in the different temples, the cantors
of the different temples, came together in no
other place but the Seitenstetten Temple. And there they listened to him, and each in his
department posed questions to the candidate.
If the young man passed, then he got permission
to give an audition. I had one of my teachers,
who was the last chief cantor of the Seitenstetten
Temple in Vienna, Heinrich Fischer, was the ch
ief cantor of Vienna because he was Sulzer's
successor. And he arranged for someone from
Nuesatz Ujvidék, Novi Sad, in Yugoslavia,
where the congregation was also seeking a cantor.
He arranged for a man by the name of Mr.
Gross to be able to attend and listen to the people,
to the twelve or whatever who will hear there.
He had to have special permission for it, but
he got it for him. This Mr. Gross came from
Germany, from the Fair, went home, on his way b
ack to Yugoslavia he stayed in Vienna, I don't
know what, and came to this eh...
NL: Examination?

YM:
Examination, yes. He heard me and told my teacher he likes what he heard and
he would like me to come down to Yugoslavia--Novi
Sad--for an audition. At the same time in
my family there was a lot of trouble. One of
my sisters who was the immediate child after me,
had
galoppierende Tuberkulose
[consumption]. And my parents weren't in good financial
standings, and I was just sick all the time to he
lp her, to try to get her to the doctor or
somewhere, where we thought at l
east she would get some help. So I knew I had to get a bigger
position, more money, and to help. My sister, unf
ortunately, died. All my efforts didn't help
her. And, eh...
NL:
What was her name?
YM: Rivka.
NL:
That was Rivka.
YM: Rivka.
NL: Yes.
YM: Eh...
NL:
Were you able to go to Yugoslavia?
YM:
Yes. I spoke to my teacher, Chais Fischer,
Hazan
Fischer, and he arranged for
me at a certain date to go to Yugoslavia. At th
e meantime, one of the rabbis, Dr. Bach in Vienna
who heard me there, said his son-in-law is th
e rabbi in Groningen, Holla
nd, and he thinks I am
the ideal candidate for his congregation.
NL: Well well.
YM:
So, I went to Yugoslavia. I will never fo
rget it. I think it was the 19th of April,
1928. And I gave an audition.
NL:
It was in Novi Sad?
YM:
In Novi Sad. N-O-V-I, next word is
capital S-A-D, Yugoslavia. I say this
because I will come back to another point in th
e same place later. So I went down there and I
davened
...
NL:
Excuse me, before we go there, eh, Ca
ntor, did you detect a
ny signs of growing
Nazi activity in Vienna?
YM:
In Vienna? Yes, a lot.
NL:
Can you talk about that a bit?
YM:
Yes. I used to spend a lot of time in the house of
Oberkantor
Fischer. And he
had a son, Alex, who at the time wa
s a student at the university. And one day I--it's very clear in
my mind--he came home and told his parents in Hungarian, because they came from Hungary

and they still spoke it, "Please, please, whatever
the great position of the- eh, to be Sulzer's
successor, whatever money you make here, Fath
er, whatever comfort you have here, please
don't remain here, because this thing will just fa
ll apart. It is impossible. Today in this
department of the university there were fights,
and Jewish people were beaten up and weren't let
go to listen to the lectures, and so on." But you
could see it even sometimes in the streets and,
eh...
NL: For example?
YM:
For example, eh, men fighting outsi
de and a hundred people around. No one
knew what it's all about, so someone said, "Yes,
this man called the other man, 'You dirty Jew.'
And this one couldn't take it and started a fight."
Another thing, people used to sit in the coffee
houses when people used to walk by--and I e
xperienced this myself--and they made just
remarks, "This is stable, the Jewish stable, where they sit around and they do nothing, they just
live on our money and our land, and
so on and so forth." It was not as organized as it became
later, but it was...
NL: It was...
YM: Brewing.
NL: And discernible.
YM:
Yes. Yes. Definitely yes.
NL:
Was there a Nazi movement yet that you recall? An Austrian Nazi movement?
YM:
I was told that in Oberstreig at
the time, around Graz and Linz, there were
already people communicating with German N
azis and, you have to know, and you know it just
as well as I do, that in the middle 20's, already '23, '24, Hitler was already arrested, was already
in jail, and was already writing his eh...
NL:
Mein Kampf
.
YM:
Mein Kampf
and so on and so forth. And that
influenced many people. When I
see for instance that with, The S
ound of Music, I see the same thing what I really experienced.
How many times did it happen that we wanted to go in Austria especially is eh famous that
people bought for
Ausflüge
, eh... [excursions]
NL: Outings?
YM:
Outings. And how many times were we told, "Don't go there." I don't know
where, this place, that place, "'Cause there there is something preparing for this and this day,
and if a group of young Jews will be seen some
where," though we didn't look like Jews but, "eh,
there will be some trouble. So you better don't make
that trip." You could see it officially. I know that I, for instance, needed working papers, and this small congregation didn't have too
much influence, but they tried very hard to ge
t it for me. They couldn't, and I could stay in
Vienna only illegally as a cantor, and legally as a
student. Because as a student I was allowed to
stay there.
NL:
So Austrian citizenship was out of the question.
YM:
Oh, it was out of the question, sure. It was out of the question.
NL:
Did you have any knowledge of Mayor Luger, was he in office at the time?
YM:
He was before my time.
NL:
He was before your time.
YM:
He was before my time. I know that he was a strong antisemite, but I never
knew him. He was before my time.
NL:
Now was the milieu different in Yugosla
via at Novi Sad? Was it more benign
with respect to Jews?
YM:
Maybe it's worth it--yes, it definitely was, because the Serb people who took
over really this part of former Hungary were
depressed themselves for many many hundreds of
years, and they knew what it is to live under an oppressive government, and they were very nice
and pleasant, and the Slav people as a rule,
I mean if you are talking about Serbs, about
Ruthenians, until they are poisoned...
NL: Instigated...
YM:
Instigated, there's no trouble with them
. I mean you can live with them. I don't
say they loved Jews. But when you have for in
stance a priest who will tell them nothing else
but that the Jews killed Christ and this and th
at and the Jews, be careful before Passover,
because they need your children's blood for the Passover
matzah
, then of course, a fire starts.
It's terrible.
NL:
How large a Jewish community was in Novi Sad?
YM:
In Novi Sad there were 1,000 Jews, a
bout 500 families, one temple--beautiful,
with an organ, with a choir of
40, with, eh, it was a beautiful
community. And I was there for
six years.
NL:
And you were quite happy?
YM:
I was very happy there. As a matter of
fact, I married there my wife, may she
rest in peace, Zahava.
NL:
Zahava. What year was that?
YM:
We got married in 1930. June the 30th.

And so you were there until '34.
YM: Yes.
NL:
I see. And it was a very contented time for you?
YM:
A beautiful time in my life.
NL:
What was happening to your parents in the meantime? Were they...
YM:
My father died in 1930, formal death
that he had heart trouble and lung trouble
and all kinds of things, he died in 1930. At th
e same time in 1930 while being the cantor of, eh,
Oberkantor
of Novi Sad, I was elected now without a
ny audition, in Vienna again. This time it
was
der fünfzehnte Bezirk
. It was a very elegant, beautiful, section.
NL:
That's the fifth...
YM: The fifteenth.
NL: The fifteenth.
YM:
The Temple of the Fifteenth District. And eh...
NL:
Did you accept?
YM:
I went to Vienna with my wife in 1930.
She didn't want to leave before--she was
a teacher by profession--and she didn't want to leave before the exams are over, so we left in
June. By the time--the end of June. By the
time we got to Budapest where she had an uncle,
this uncle was already at the station, and we want
ed to go to Vienna, giving us a telegram from
my uncle who, I told you before, who went to talk, speak up for me, to intercede.
NL:
Who tried to intercede?
YM:
"Don't ask questions. Come straight
over." And the reason for it was that my
father died. We were in Budapest on a certain
Sunday, and it was the thirtieth or whatever it
was, the first of July, and my father died Frid
ay before, was buried on the same day, because, of
course, my uncle wouldn't have done anything else. So I was never at my father's funeral. So
when I went home, I sat
shiva
and [unclear]. So, eh...
NL:
Did you return to Novi Sad?
YM:
No, I went to Vienna and [unclear].
However, my appointment in, with
Obergeneralstabsrat
Bieck, who was the president of th
e congregation, was for the first or
second of July. And after the
shiva
it was already the 10th or 8th of
July. By the time I got to
Vienna it was the 12th of July. And the secret
ary, Dr. Löwenherz of the main congregation in
Vienna, my--you asked me before about the citizensh
ip in Austria--told me when I told him that
one of my conditions to come to Vienna is if the congregation, the community, guarantees me
to become a citizen. So he said--I was very young, and he was a middle-aged person, very well-educated--so he told me, "
Mein liebes Kind, die Staatsbürgerschaft können wir nicht
garantieren. Das ist die Sache der Regier
ung. Wir können Ihren alles Andere geben.
"

So I--my wife was a teacher in Yugoslavia at this date, and I had this beautiful position, and we
went back. However, we stayed in the Marienbad Hotel, I will never forget it. And I looked out
at the quay and tears were dripping out of my ey
es. I was so sad that I can't come back to
Vienna. I loved Vienna. I loved Vienna.
NL:
It's an enchanting city, especially in
this pre-war period, the inter-war period.
So...
YM:
So after this...
NL:
Your life flowed on then, in Novi Sad?
YM:
Yes, after this it's a very interesti
ng period. As I say, up until '34, February, I
was in Novi Sad. I sang concerts in the Academ
y of Music in Budapest, here, there, I sang on
the radio. I started in 1930 the cantorial music programs on the Yugoslav radio. You may even
have found something in those notes which I le
ft with you, where there are letters and notes
from the radio station in Budapest.
NL:
Yes, I want you to identify those if we have time.
YM:
Yes, I will, I will.
NL:
Because we made copies and I think I have your original.
YM:
I will. I will. So...
NL:
It was a rich life.
YM:
It was a very rich life. Here, the following happened, probably in 1933, fall,
after the holiday, in the fall, the
Chevrah Kadisha
[burial society] in Novi Sad which was at the
time 200 years old, because they started with Je
ws who came from Phoenicia and all the Middle
Eastern countries...
NL: Turkey...
YM:
Traveled through Turkey and all the other countries, and settled in Yugoslavia,
and among other places, Novi Sad, so that
Chevrah Kaddisha
started to be active in that part of
the world, 200 years ago at the time. So, they,
eh, this was a very big celebration, where the
king, King Alexander, was represented by one of
his generals, and the chief rabbi, Alkali, Dr.
Alkali from Belgrade, came down and there was
a tremendous banquet in the evening, but in
4
My dear child, we cannot guarantee your citi
zenship. Only the government can give you
that. We can give you everything else.
the morning it started, the whole thing started with
a celebration in the temple to have a service.
The details are not important, but...
NL:
But it was a momentous time.
YM:
Yes. But what is important is that
a man by the name of Dr. Braun, who was at
the time--a German fellow--who was at the time the director of the radio station, the national
radio station, that is, the radio station was run by the government there, you know, so, he was
the director of that, and when he heard us with
the choir and how beautiful it was, and all that,
he came over to me after the service and said, "Could we come over once to pick up your
service on Friday evening, or
Shabbes
Saturday morning, and broadcast it?" I said, "I couldn't
tell you that. You would have to
talk to the rabbi, and the religious committee, and so on." I
spoke to the rabbi and saw right away that he
will not agree. He was an extremely jealous
person, and didn't want to give
koved
[show respect] to...
NL:
Be showered on like that.
YM:
Yes. So anyway, eh, finally this got
back and forth. Finally we decided with
this Dr. Braun that if he can't take the whole
service from the temple, I should come and give
concerts in Belgrade, and so I went every three,
four, five weeks [unclear] Belgrade and gave
concerts and so on. One day I get a letter from
a man in Kovno, of all places. He writes to me
in Yiddish, "My dear friend,
Hazan
Mandel, I heard you on the radio on this and this date, and
I liked what I heard, and I w
ould like you to come down to Kovno to give a few concerts.
Concerning this, don't worry about money," he sa
id, "it's my responsibility. But in order to
make it legal, in a few days you will receive suggestions, a plan, plus an agreement from a
concert bureau, Klavahoff [phonetic]."
NL: [chuckles]
YM:
Klavahoff [phonetic], was the name of the concert bureau. I remember! In a
few days I really received, I think it was around
January or something, now, of 1934. This went
on for three months in 1933 and so on. But it took
us a long time. I get this, and I thought, one
more thing is important, that my family, the fam
ily of my wife, was, all lived in Novi Sad, and
my father-in-law, who was the rabbi of this congregation once upon a time, because he never
learned the Serb language which became the offici
al language of the community, he wasn't the
rabbi or the associate rabbi but became the secret
ary general of the congregation. So I spoke to
him, I spoke to the family and so on, and they,
my mother-in-law, may she rest in peace, she
said, "My dear child, you live in the same house where we are. What are you missing? Why do
you want to go away? What is it, what are you really looking for?"

NL: Searching...
YM:
Searching for. And I didn't know what
to answer. But
I answered, "I will
come." And we corresponded back and forth, a
nd in February of 1934 I
went down to Kovno to
the house of this wonderful person who arranged for
me in his--he lived in a mansion--a wing of
his house, with a car, with everything, whatever I
wanted to go, at my disposal and so on, and I
sang, I
davened
in Kovno, in the
Dobi Shakorshul
[phonetic] first
Shabbes
, then I sang a benefit
concert for the, for a
yeshiva
, and then the next week we had a concert with the Lithuanian
National Orchestra, rather in the Academy of Music there, and it was very nice.
NL:
A concert of Jewish...?
YM:
A concert, no, no,
NL: Secular.
YM: A mixture.
NL:
But some liturgical music?
YM:
Ya. Yes. Definitely yes.
NL:
In the Lithuanian...
YM:
In the Lithuanian...
NL: Musical Hall...
YM:
In the Academy of Music. Ye
s. And accompanying was the symphony
orchestra of the Lithuanian govern...
NL:
What an experience for a young man.
YM:
It was just overwhelming. And I was
there for two or three weeks. I sent
telegrams to extend my vacation, because I ha
d vacation for two weeks, and suddenly one
weekend, one
Shabbes
, I think the third
Shabbes
or something, a gentleman is at the table with
us, and this man, I think his name was Mr. Bark
in, in whose house I stayed, introduces a man by
the name Mr., eh, I can't remember his name
now. Anyway, introduces him, "This is the
president of the
Grosse Chor Synagoge
in Riga. It's my brother-in-law, Mr. Becker."
NL: Your brother-in-law?
YM:
His
brother-in-law, Mr. Becker.
NL: Barkin's brother-in-law.
YM:
Ya. This man was the brother-in-law of
this Mr. Becker. And Mr. Becker came
to
shul
, heard me
daven
, and Sunday he tells me, "You know, we are seeking a
hazan
for
eighteen or nineteen months already,
Hazan
Rabitz
davened Rosh Hashonah and Yom Kippur
.
Our
hazan
until now was Herman Yadlovger [phonetic], who was
Rigenzer
himself, but he isn't there any more. And we had many, many candidate
s, this one, that one. I think you should try
out for this position." So I didn't dare to stay
any longer. I went home, and about two, three,
maybe four weeks later I went back to Riga, and
then my family was all in tears, why do I go?
And I
davened
in Riga, and among three, we were down, they were down, the congregation was
down to three people. That
was Herman Yadlovger [phonetic],
Hazan
Alter, Yisruel Alter, and
myself. And I will, consider this again it was a
great and beautiful shining point in my career.
Rogachover
Gaon
at the time, who lived in Dvinsk, but
came for treatment to Riga, and I had a
chance to speak with him, and before the...
NL:
What was his name again?
YM: The
Rogachover Gaon
, Rozin.
5
NL: Rozin.
YM:
But he goes under the name, the
Rogachover
Gaon
,
Rogachover
. How you spell
it,
Rogachover
, the best way I can say it, Gaon [Brillia
nt Rabbi-teacher]. And he told the
people, the board, when they came to him "Re
bbe, we are in such-and-such a quandary, we
don't have a
hazan
," an so on, he said, "
Yidden, oib yir vilt haben a
Yid, a hazan, a Yid, nemt
Hazan Mandel
."
6
NL:
Ah, you had
so
many offers!
YM:
Yes. Yes.
NL: Incredible.
YM: So...
NL:
Did you pick up any impressions of Jewish life...
5
Joseph Rozin (1858-1936), Polish Talmudic genius, called "the
Rogachover
" after his
birthplace (Rogachov).
6
Jews, if you want to have a Jew, a cantor, a Jew, take Cantor Mandel.

As I have told you before, when I initially
started to plan to go to, as they called
it at the time, Siberia [laughs]...
NL:[laughs]
YM:
My family called it Siberia, I couldn't give them a good reason why I want to go,
because really I had, we had, all we needed for sharing
kavod
[respect], and
nachat
[gratification] and live in the same town with
the parents; it was beautiful. But why be in
Riga--the
Grosse Chor Synagoge
was first of all the official
temple of the Jewry of Lettland.
[Latvia]. Second of all, my predecessor,
not the immediate one, the immediate one was
Herman Yadlovger [phonetic], as I said before, my predecessor there was Baruch Leib
Rosowsky,
Hazan
Rosowsky, which by the way was the father of the Rosowsky who worked so
much on the
M'nigunei Hatam, Ta'amag Hanigunim
and so on...
7
NL:
Ah, I see...
YM:
It's his father. It's his father. I me
t him once in New York. He just couldn't let
me go.
NL:
I can imagine.
YM:
That I was the successor of his father. So, when I came back home after I
davened
, and I wasn't engaged immediately because
we had meetings and this, and that, and I
didn't have the time to stay there for so long, so I
went home to Yugoslavia. I told my family the
reasons I will go to Riga are as follows: I
know I have a lifetime agreement here which I
won't--I will leave. Ella,
zikronah livrachah
, has a lifetime position at the state, true. We have
a beautiful, artistically furnished, beautiful apartm
ent, true. I will leave that. But where I'm
going is--Riga is near the
Kol Bach
.
8
Can you imagine that in 1934, Riga had from
kindergarten on, up to university, schools and
high schools where the teaching language was
Hebrew. When our son was born, I will never forg
et it, we had a very dear friend Dr. Gurvich,
a lawyer, and his wife was a physician, their child
ren came up to my wife to visit her in the
sanatorium where she gave birth, and with a
bunch of Hebrew names, what kind of names,
7
Solomon Rosowsky (1878-1962) composer and musicologist, wrote The Cantillation of the
Bible (Five Books of Moses.
8
Kol Bo - everything within.
e kind of, no, the fact that
in the temple there was
a
bet
hamidrash
[Talmudic school] where 150 people we
re sitting every morning and every
afternoon
bain mincha and maariv
[between the late afternoon a
nd evening prayers] and they
studied Talmud. The...
NL: The intellectual...
YM:
The intellectual level, quality of Rigens
en Jews, of Russian Jewry, I will say, of
course, there were others, but...
NL: In Riga...
YM:
...was so high, was so high. Riga
had 60,000 Jews at the time, I think 600,000
inhabitants, and 60,000 Jews. Every person spoke
at least three, four languages, Yiddish, of
course, Russian, of course, Latvian, of course
, but many people spoke perfect, perfect Hebrew,
German, English, French, and so on. It was such
a high level, I always say if there would be a
class to choose from, where to choose from,
for leaders of Jewry, worldwide, it should
definitely be this kind of Jewry, because their intellect, I mean the way they, they, they were
ber
tzedakah
. Once a year we had an appeal for, I don't know, the
moshav zakanim
[old age home].
Once a year a beautiful banquet was arranged.
Latkes
were served on Hanukkah, and that was
the time. But the
latkes
had a hole. Three, four sentences
were necessary to tell the people:
"
Meine tyere friynt mir huben lecher, Der moshav zakanim hot nit genug gelt
."
9
Money was
flowing in like you can't imagine.
NL:
What was the chief economic, or what
were the chief economic occupations of
Jews in Riga?
YM:
As you well know, rubber industry was
great. Clothing industry was great.
Business, exports...
NL: Merchandising...
YM:
Immense. And they always say that where our
sechel
[brains-common sense],
our intellect, stops, the Lithuanian Jew--the ones I
was with--his intellect starts there. They are
such
khokhomim
[wise ones]. Such
Talmidey khokhomim
[learned wise scholars]. Such
educated people, that I have never, I mean, I lived with all kinds of people...
NL: Yes.
YM:
My own homeland, and eh, Hungary had quite a few nice
Talmidey khokhomim
,
but there it was more on a general basis.
9
My dear friends, there are holes. The Old-Age Home does not have enough money.
For the rest go to http://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/RG-50.462.0116_01_trs_en.pdf