Radoshkovichi - HOME PAGE

Radshkovichi Guestbook Archive

Archived on October 1, 2003

------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hi, I typed in my grandfathers name in the search engine online to see if I could find anything out about my ancestry and your website came up. I saw that there was information about my family written on June 17th in your guestbook. I was wondering where you found the information. I am the daughter of Judy Graffman. Annie Isaacson was my great grandmother. I would love to know how you found your information and if you have any questions for me please let me know. I live in Baltimore,Maryland. Great website! Lorena Lorena <cappuccino1111@aol.com> Baltimore, MD USA - Wednesday, September 24, 2003 at 21:25:41 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hi, I just received some information that Chane Kriger from Radiskewitz may be my great grandmother and I saw your message on the Ancestry Message Board. Can you give me any information? Thanks, Sheila Horn . - Monday, September 15, 2003 at 20:04:53 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Your website indicates that both the Alperovitz and Shepsenwohl families lived in Radoshkovichi. My ancestor was a Shepsenwohl, whose son married the daughter of an Alperovitz, I believe, as a way of avoiding the Russian army. He took her last name, because supposedly, families with only one son did not lose their son to the army. Does that story seem possible to you? How can I find out more about my ancestry? I can trace it back to a Moshe Yoneh Shepsenwohl, who had a son Kalman Alperovitz. E Alper Dear E. Alper, I think that a Moshe Yoneh Shepsenwohl wrote a book about the town. Steve Rosen must be related to you. He also has Shepsenwohl/ Alperovitz ancestor. I would love to add pictures of your family to the site. . - Tuesday, September 09, 2003 at 10:44:16 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Subj: pedro alperowicz Date: 6/30/03 6:59:05 AM Pacific Daylight Time From: salonelcano@arnet.com. To: eilatGordn@aol.com Dear Eilat: Today, José Alperovich is the new governator of the Tucuman´s province. José is the son of León Alperovich. regards. Pedro Alperowicz José Alperovich' family originated in Vileyka. http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/kurenets/k_pix/alperovitz/20303_1_b.gif click for picture and information - Monday, June 30, 2003 at 10:08:32 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jason Alpert writes; My mother Dorothy (OBM) had a best friend. Her name was Ada (nee Meltzer) Abromson. Ada and her husband John retired to Phoenix Arizona. I believe that Mary (Mrs Samuel) Skolnik was a close relative of Ada or John. Dear all; I received a family tree from Jewel Fishkin that tells the connection; Ada (nee Meltzer) Abromson was married John (born 1909 died 1992) the brother of Mary (Mrs Samuel) Skolnik (she was the youngest child of the family). Here is the Abromson family tree in a short version; Chana nee Edelman [daughter of John Adelman and Anne nee Skloot was born on May 18, 1874 in Russia. She died on February 2, 1960 in Auborn, Main she was married to; Luis Abromson died on December 25, 1947. Children; 1.Hyman Abromson was born in Krasne in 1894 and died in Lewiston, Maine in 1972 Spouse; Lena nee Cohen.Daughter Charlotte married Ernest Bart (Susan, Nancy, Laurnce) 2.Celia abromson was born April 5, 1900 and died in Lewiston, Maine January 25, 1996. Spouse; Morris Supovitz.Children; Paul and Beverly Supovitz+ Paul Hurvitz (son James Hurvitz) 3. Fannie Abromson born May 10, 1902 and died ? Spouse;Israel Abraham Miller Married in Old Orchard Beach, Maine 9-19- 1926. Children; Stanley John Miller (Scott, David, William) Maynard Miller (Diana and Anita). Judith + Henry Jordan.Joseph Milton Miller (Matthew). Michelle Lynn+ Ryan Damare 4. Esther Abromson born 11- 21- 1903 in Auborn, Maine.Died 11- 27- 1995 in Chicago. Married Max Gordon in Portland, Maine ( children; Howard died as a baby in 1944, Ruth Adele married Herbert Halperin) 5. Benjamin Abramson Spouse; Natalie Supovitz (Son Michael died in 1993, grandsons; Richard and Daniel) 6. John Abramson born 1909 died 1992 in Portland, Maine married Ada Meltzer (sons; Irving Joel Abromson and Morton Colp Abromson) 7. Mary Abromson Spouse; Sam Skolnick (sons; Louise and Steve.) ..------------------------------------------ 1. Towns (Shtetlakh) within area of former Vilner Gubernia where Jason's family once lived --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dieveniskes (Yiddish: Di-VEN-i-shok) Dolhinov/Dolhinow/Dolginovo (Yiddish: Dal-HI-nev) Dokshitzy (Yiddish: DOK-shitz) [Home of Yiddish journalist Nissan Gordon (OB"M)] Horodok/Grudek/Gorodok (Yiddish: Ha-ro-DOK) Ilja/Ilya (Yiddish: IL-ye) Krasne/Krasnoje-Nad-Usza [Krasnoye on the Usha River] (Yiddish: KRAS-ne) Kurenets/Kurenitz/Kurzeniec (Yiddish KU-re-nitz) Molodechno (Yiddish: Ma-lo-DETCH-ne) Oshmyany (Yiddish: Osh-mi-YE-ne) Radoshkovichi (Yiddish: Ra-desh-KO-vitz) [At the former "Russian-Polish" border] Rakov (Yiddish: RA-kev) Smorgon (Yiddish: Smar-GON) [Birthplace of famed Cantors Koussevitzky (OB"M)] Vileyka/Vileika/Vilejka/Wilejka (Yiddish: ViLEYke) Vishnevo (Yiddish: VISH-ne-ve) Volozhin (Yidish: Va-LO-zhin) [Home the the famed Volozhiner yeshiva] Below are some scattered notes from my files and my memory on the Scolnik and Manpel Families (who are among the descendants of Eliyohu Zaludik) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Kalman and Mary Scolnik (both deceased) 210 Ash Street Lewiston, Maine 04240 Tel. 207-782-5794 Kalman and Mary were married 9/23/1910. They are the parents of Samuel, Bill, and Eddy Scolnik. Mary's yortsait is 24 Nissan. I (Jason I Alpert) knew Kalman and Mary well. (I was born in Lewiston, Maine, March 8, 1940.) My mother worshipped her Aunt Mary, and repeatedly took me to visit her. Many years ago, I spent a few hours with Kalman Scolnik at 210 Ash Street. I picked his brain in compiling our family tree. Unfortunately, Kalman has passed on, and the piece of paper containing that family-tree has been lost. Some things survive in my memory, to wit: Kalman said that our ultimate ancestor was named Eliyahu Der Vilner (meaning Eliyahu from the City of Vilna). This is undoubtedly the Eliyahu Zaludik that is listed on Dave Fessler's excellent family-tree (see below). (And, no -- this is NOT the Vilner Gaon.) Kalman lived to the age of perhaps 110 or 120. In case you want to try to figure out his exact age, consider this: Kalman once told me that he (Kalman) was born in Kurenitz (Kurenets in Belorus) "the year of the big fire." Kalman also told me that he'd had a brother who'd changed his name to Alperowicz (a very popular family-name in Kurenitz), and that this brother had then moved (from Kurenitz) to Bobruisk (Belorus). Someone should try to locate any descendants of this displaced family-member ... Kalman's wife (and first-cousin) was Mary. "Aunt Mary" was a sister of my grandfather (Eliyohu-Shlomo or "E-le-SHLEY-me") Gurewitz. My mother Dorothy Gurewitz Alpert (Eleshleyme's daughter) used to address her as " Mi-YA-she" (probably from the Russian name Mar-ya-sha)" My mother OB"M passed away Feb 1991. Kalman and Mary's two unmarried sons, Bill and Eddy, still live at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston. Bill and Eddy probably possess a treasure-trove of information that could be used for family genealogical research. By this I mean correspondence from pre-war Europe. This is because the Scolniks have lived at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston "forever", and that address has for many years served as a rally point for separated and dispersed family members to seek each other. (According to Dave Fessler's family-tree, Bill was born in 1913, and Eddy in 1917 -- so I wouldn't procrastinate contacting them.) For example, cousin Ida Manpel Rubin (see below) once told me the story of how she'd been reunited with her brother Elye after the Holocaust. She said that Elye had written to the Scolniks at 210 Ash Street saying that he was still alive. He'd survived the Nazis, and was living in Russia. (The only American address that he had was 210 Ash Street.) The Scolnik's contacted Ida in NYC upon receipt of this letter (more about this below). Nevertheless, Ida disliked her uncle Kalman. She called him "a miyeser shlang!". (Perhaps she was jealous of his great wealth???) Ida (Chaya-Hinda) MANPEL was born in Dalhinov (Dolginovo), which is now in Belarus. Ida emigrated to the USA, where she married Israel "Tulie" RUBIN. They lived in Brooklyn, NY. I used to have a b/w photo of Ida Manpel and her parents and siblings, sent from Dalhinov to my grandfather Louis Sam Gurewitz in Auburn, Maine. It was sent before she emigrated to the USA. Does anyone have a copy of this priceless photo? I doubt that Ida is still alive. You could check with her son Lewis -- with whom I once played chess while the Rubin family lived on (367?) Miller Avenue in the East New York section of Brooklyn -- around 1954 or so. Here is his address: Rubin, Lewis MD (Urologist) 2320 Bath St # 309 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Phone: 805-682-7661 After Ida Manpel emigrated to the USA, her brother Elye Manpel remained behind in Dalhinov (Dolginovo). Elye was there during the Holocaust. Fortunately, Elye caught the very last train that managed to leave Dalhinov before the Nazis arrived, and thus miraculously escaped the invading Nazis. MANY YEARS LATER, a letter from him was received by the Scolniks at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston. He was (is?) living in the Russian city of Orel (pronounced Aryol). I am attaching a file named Manpel.GIF. This is an image of Elye's address written in Cyrillic characters. Here is my transliteration of the Cyrillic version, and it may be WRONG. Elye Manpel Komsomolskaya Street 46, Apt. 3 Orël, Russia 302001 (ANSI character-set, used in Windows) Or‰l, Russia 302001 (ASCII character-set, used in DOS) I believe that Elye was Ida's YOUNGEST sibling. Therefore, he might still be alive. Someone should try to locate him, and any possible descendants (as well as Kalman's brother in Bobruisk, mentioned above) ... ------------------------------------------------------------------- Lewis Rubin's older brother is Seymour, and the oldest is Jackie. I found these 2 addresses for Seymour on the Internet. I don't know if either is correct. Rubin, Seymour 2085 Rkwy Pkwy Brooklyn, NY 11236 (718) 763-5419 Rubin, Seymour 4218 Bedford Ave Brooklyn, NY 11229 (718) 769-2444 I also found Jackie's address on the Internet. I KNOW that this address is correct, because I used to visit Ida there. Rubin, Jack 2896 W 8th St Brooklyn, NY 11224 (718) 373-2049 (718) 373-0230 Since Jackie Rubin is occupying his parents' apartment, and since he is the oldest son -- I would think that he might be in possession of old family photos and correspondence from pre-war Eastern Europe. (Similar situation to Bill and Eddy Scolnik, above) ------------------------------------------------------------------- ***** More About the Family ***** During the years 1953-1956 (when I first came to NYC from Maine to study in a yeshiva), I used to regularly visit cousin Ida Manpel-Rubin and her husband Israel (Tulie), and their three sons. They lived in the East New York section of Brooklyn, at 367 ? Miller Avenue. (Later, they moved to 2896 West 8th Street in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn.) After visiting with Ida, I would walk over to (129?) Miller Avenue, and visit with cousin Sadie (Mrs Jake) Friedland, and her daughter Pauline. (I was just 13 or 14 years old. Ida and then Sadie would both feed me well.) I believe that Sadie had a sister (Becky Williams?) maybe in Far Rockway,NY. Besides their daughter Pauline, Sadie and Jake had a son named Al Friedland. Al married his second-cousin Estelle (nee Gurewitz), from Ithaca, New York (more below). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- My grandfather Louis Sam (Eleshleyme) Gurewitz (changed from Zaludik) had these siblings (as far as I recall): 1. Mary (Maryasha), who married her first-cousin Kalman Scolnik. (They lived at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston, Maine, as mentioned above.) 2. David, of Lewiston, Maine. He never married. 3. Harry, of Ithaca, New York. [I recall now that Mary's husband Kalman couldn't stomach Mary's brother Dovid. Dovid would have to sneak over to 210 Ash St. for a meal when Kalman wasn't home. Maybe this is one of the reasons that cousin Ida Manpel-Rubin didn't like him. (As I mentioned above.) I never met Harry Gurewitz. According to my records, Harry's daughter Estelle married her second-cousin Al Friedland. They had three children: Rickie, Phillip, Jay Lee, and Lisa Sue. I don't remember if I ever met any of Estelle's children. I MAY have met Estelle and Al Friedland, possibly at Sadie's home on 129 Miller Avenue in Brooklyn. I don't remember.) I vaguely remember that family members would stay with Estelle, whenever they visited Florida. (Why pay for a hotel?) My records show her address as: Estelle Friedland 17521 N. E. 1st Court North Miami Beach, Florida 33162 But I couldn't find it on the Internet. I am fairly sure that her husband Al Friedland has passed away. I don't know about her. The children are probably alive. ------------------------------------------------------------------- A 3rd son of Kalman and Mary Scolnik is Sam Scolnik. Sam is married to the former Mary Abromson. He is a (retired?) lawyer. Here is their address: Samuel and Mary Scolnik 3700 Calvert Pl Kensington, Maryland 20895 301-949-0519 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ******** Re the surname "GUREWITZ" ******** Ida Manpel once told me that the family-name Gurewitz wasn't genuine. The name was really Zheludek (Ida even wrote Zheludek for me on a paper.) Also, As a child, I once questioned "Uncle Dovid" (as I used to fondly address him) as to why the family name had been changed from Zheludek to Gurewitz. His reply was something like: "Vos bin ich shul-dik vos der ta-te hot amol ge-ton?" -- which gave me the impression that he couldn't, or didn't want to, explain why his father Yosef (after whom I'm named), had changed the name. Well, this is confirmed by Dave Fessler's family-tree. Only there, the name is spelled Zaludik -- which is probably more correct. There is a Yizkor-book commemorating a TOWN named ZHELUDOK. See http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/zaludok/zheludok.html Many years ago I skimmed through this book. In it I found some cousins of mine (from a different side of the family, not related to the Scolniks and Zaludiks) named ALPEROWICZ (ALPEROVITCH) and SZYFMANOWICZ (SHIFMANOVITCH). (Lyuba SZYFMANOWICZ died in the Holocaust according to page 314 in this book.) It doesn't make sense for a family-name (surname) to be identical to a town name. Someone from Vilna might be named Vilner (not Vilna). Someone from ZHELUDOK might be named ZHELUDKER. That's why I think that Zaludik is correct. An alternate spelling might be Zaludok or Zaludek. ------------------------------------------------------------------- According to Lester Solnin (changed from Sosensky) and Marian Anderson, Dave Fessler of Houston, Texas, has a large amount of information. They sent me a paper copy of Dave's family-tree, which is entitled "Descendants of Eliyohu Zaludik. It is a masterpiece ... They also sent me a digitized image (Paperport .MAX file) of a 1-page Report, which is information extracted from Dave's family-tree (database). Dave's email address is dfessler@houston.rr.com. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Speaking of "Sosensky", I vaguely recall seeing a photo of an old bearded man. I think he was a cousin named Sosensky. And I very vaguely recall being told that he was referred to as "Der Feter" ("The Uncle"). ==================================== I know nothing about the following person: P Scolnik Lewiston, Maine 207-784-5573 ------------------------------------------------------------------- I know nothing about the following person (Helen Manpel). Perhaps she is Ida's sister-in-law or niece? Manpel, Helen 1071 Eglinton West Toronto, Ontario, Canada Tel. 416-782-6465 ------------------------------------ Same is true for the following couple: Manpel, Jack & Frida 569 Sheppard Avenue, West Toronto, Ontario, Canada Tel. 416-636-9640 ------------------------------------ This is Ida's brother (a wealthy merchant?). Manpel, Louis 989 Eglinton Avenue, Apt. #223 Toronto, Ontario, CANADA M6C2C6 ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ On 10/13/1985 I (Jason I Alpert) attended a meeting of the KURENITZER FAREYN (Kurenitz Landsmanschaft or "Society"), held in New York City. There I unexpected ly met a man named Julius Scolnik, of the Bronx, NY. (This is NOT the Julius Scolnik of Lewiston, Maine.) Julius said that he is a cousin of Kalman Scolnik of Lewiston, Maine. Julius was born circa 1897. At that time, Julius's telephone was 933-1062 (now area-code 718). On 5/15/1986 I spoke with Julius by phone. He said that a meeting of the KURENITZER FAREYN had just been held on Sunday, 5/4/1986. ============= RESOURCES ============= *** Jewish Home for the Aged in in Portland, Maine ("Cedars Campus") *** My mother Dorothy (OBM) had a best friend. Her name was Ada (nee Meltzer) Abromson. Ada and her husband John retired to Phoenix Arizona. I believe that Mary (Mrs Samuel) Skolnik was a close relative of Ada or John. An Internet search that I just made for "Abromson AZ US" yielded no matches. But a search for Ada and John's son Joel yielded the following: I J and Linda Abromson 25 Fall Ln, Portland, ME 04103 207-797-4438 I believe that Linda is on the Board of Directors of the Jewish Home for the Aged in in Portland, Maine -- which is now called "Cedars Campus" http://www.thecedarscampus.com/ppf.html I mention this because the records of Cedars could possibly be a great source of info for people researching Jewish families in Maine. For example, I believe that a cousin from Auburn, Nochum Widrowitz (who was called Kop-Af-Kop) and possibly his wife Reyze ("Reize-Nochum's"), retired to this Home for the Aged. ------------------------------------ ******* Zalman Alpert ******* Zalman is librarian @ Yeshiva University's Mendel Gottesman Library. Zalman has published scholarly articles on Lubavitch history -- in the English section of the ALGEMEINER Journal. Zalman's father was born in Kurenitz, and Zalman is an expert on Kurenitz. He's from New Haven, Connecticut -- a city where many Jews from Vileyka, Kurenits, and Krasne area settled. Zalman's email address is alpert@ymail.yu.edu ------------------------------------ **** Websites **** Eilat Gordin-Levitan's Kurenitzer website is http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/kurenets/kurenets.html JGFF (Jewish Genealogical Society Family Finder) website is: http://www.jewishgen.org/jgff/ Miscellaneous other genealogical websites: http://www.ajhs.org/genealog.htm http://www.avotaynu.com http://www.jgsny.org http://www.JewishGen.org http://www.jewishgen.org/ajgs http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/database.html http://www.jewishgen.org/jgsgw/links.html http://www.lds.org/site_main_menu/frameset-global-bas_bel.html http://www.nara.gov/nara/nail.html http://members.aol.com/rechtman/yizkorbk.htm http://www.remember.org/children/tracing.html http://shamash.org/holocaust http://home.att.net/~JGSNYCem/WPAForm.htm http://www.yivoinstitute.org/archlib/genealog.htm#resources ------------------------------------ As cousin Steve Sosensky once wrote, I "have a lot of other things to take care of, and am putting genealogy on hold..." I will try to assist others in such research, by providing information that I have, and/or by translating from the Yiddish or Hebrew. But I cannot actively engage in the research myself ... maybe, later. So, please -- don't send me info -- just questions. Also, I am quite knowledable in Yiddish. I've spent vast amounts of time reading old Yiddish correspondence. If you have such correspondence, please mail same to me. ------------------------------------ For more info, please telephone me on 212-414-8738, or email me. -- Jason I Alpert (Yos'l ) ~~~~~~~~ END of Scolnik.txt FILE ~~~~~~~~ . - Friday, June 27, 2003 at 10:43:40 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Towns (Shtetlakh) within area of former Vilner Gubernia where Jason's family once lived --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dieveniskes (Yiddish: Di-VEN-i-shok) Dolhinov/Dolhinow/Dolginovo (Yiddish: Dal-HI-nev) Dokshitzy (Yiddish: DOK-shitz) [Home of Yiddish journalist Nissan Gordon (OB"M)] Horodok/Grudek/Gorodok (Yiddish: Ha-ro-DOK) Ilja/Ilya (Yiddish: IL-ye) Krasne/Krasnoje-Nad-Usza [Krasnoye on the Usha River] (Yiddish: KRAS-ne) Kurenets/Kurenitz/Kurzeniec (Yiddish KU-re-nitz) Molodechno (Yiddish: Ma-lo-DETCH-ne) Oshmyany (Yiddish: Osh-mi-YE-ne) Radoshkovichi (Yiddish: Ra-desh-KO-vitz) [At the former "Russian-Polish" border] Rakov (Yiddish: RA-kev) Smorgon (Yiddish: Smar-GON) [Birthplace of famed Cantors Koussevitzky (OB"M)] Vileyka/Vileika/Vilejka/Wilejka (Yiddish: ViLEYke) Vishnevo (Yiddish: VISH-ne-ve) Volozhin (Yidish: Va-LO-zhin) [Home the the famed Volozhiner yeshiva] Below are some scattered notes from my files and my memory on the Scolnik and Manpel Families (who are among the descendants of Eliyohu Zaludik) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Kalman and Mary Scolnik (both deceased) 210 Ash Street Lewiston, Maine 04240 Tel. 207-782-5794 Kalman and Mary were married 9/23/1910. They are the parents of Samuel, Bill, and Eddy Scolnik. Mary's yortsait is 24 Nissan. I (Jason I Alpert) knew Kalman and Mary well. (I was born in Lewiston, Maine, March 8, 1940.) My mother worshipped her Aunt Mary, and repeatedly took me to visit her. Many years ago, I spent a few hours with Kalman Scolnik at 210 Ash Street. I picked his brain in compiling our family tree. Unfortunately, Kalman has passed on, and the piece of paper containing that family-tree has been lost. Some things survive in my memory, to wit: Kalman said that our ultimate ancestor was named Eliyahu Der Vilner (meaning Eliyahu from the City of Vilna). This is undoubtedly the Eliyahu Zaludik that is listed on Dave Fessler's excellent family-tree (see below). (And, no -- this is NOT the Vilner Gaon.) Kalman lived to the age of perhaps 110 or 120. In case you want to try to figure out his exact age, consider this: Kalman once told me that he (Kalman) was born in Kurenitz (Kurenets in Belorus) "the year of the big fire." Kalman also told me that he'd had a brother who'd changed his name to Alperowicz (a very popular family-name in Kurenitz), and that this brother had then moved (from Kurenitz) to Bobruisk (Belorus). Someone should try to locate any descendants of this displaced family-member ... Kalman's wife (and first-cousin) was Mary. "Aunt Mary" was a sister of my grandfather (Eliyohu-Shlomo or "E-le-SHLEY-me") Gurewitz. My mother Dorothy Gurewitz Alpert (Eleshleyme's daughter) used to address her as " Mi-YA-she" (probably from the Russian name Mar-ya-sha)" My mother OB"M passed away Feb 1991. Kalman and Mary's two unmarried sons, Bill and Eddy, still live at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston. Bill and Eddy probably possess a treasure-trove of information that could be used for family genealogical research. By this I mean correspondence from pre-war Europe. This is because the Scolniks have lived at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston "forever", and that address has for many years served as a rally point for separated and dispersed family members to seek each other. (According to Dave Fessler's family-tree, Bill was born in 1913, and Eddy in 1917 -- so I wouldn't procrastinate contacting them.) For example, cousin Ida Manpel Rubin (see below) once told me the story of how she'd been reunited with her brother Elye after the Holocaust. She said that Elye had written to the Scolniks at 210 Ash Street saying that he was still alive. He'd survived the Nazis, and was living in Russia. (The only American address that he had was 210 Ash Street.) The Scolnik's contacted Ida in NYC upon receipt of this letter (more about this below). Nevertheless, Ida disliked her uncle Kalman. She called him "a miyeser shlang!". (Perhaps she was jealous of his great wealth???) Ida (Chaya-Hinda) MANPEL was born in Dalhinov (Dolginovo), which is now in Belarus. Ida emigrated to the USA, where she married Israel "Tulie" RUBIN. They lived in Brooklyn, NY. I used to have a b/w photo of Ida Manpel and her parents and siblings, sent from Dalhinov to my grandfather Louis Sam Gurewitz in Auburn, Maine. It was sent before she emigrated to the USA. Does anyone have a copy of this priceless photo? I doubt that Ida is still alive. You could check with her son Lewis -- with whom I once played chess while the Rubin family lived on (367?) Miller Avenue in the East New York section of Brooklyn -- around 1954 or so. Here is his address: Rubin, Lewis MD (Urologist) 2320 Bath St # 309 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Phone: 805-682-7661 After Ida Manpel emigrated to the USA, her brother Elye Manpel remained behind in Dalhinov (Dolginovo). Elye was there during the Holocaust. Fortunately, Elye caught the very last train that managed to leave Dalhinov before the Nazis arrived, and thus miraculously escaped the invading Nazis. MANY YEARS LATER, a letter from him was received by the Scolniks at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston. He was (is?) living in the Russian city of Orel (pronounced Aryol). I am attaching a file named Manpel.GIF. This is an image of Elye's address written in Cyrillic characters. Here is my transliteration of the Cyrillic version, and it may be WRONG. Elye Manpel Komsomolskaya Street 46, Apt. 3 Orël, Russia 302001 (ANSI character-set, used in Windows) Or‰l, Russia 302001 (ASCII character-set, used in DOS) I believe that Elye was Ida's YOUNGEST sibling. Therefore, he might still be alive. Someone should try to locate him, and any possible descendants (as well as Kalman's brother in Bobruisk, mentioned above) ... ------------------------------------------------------------------- Lewis Rubin's older brother is Seymour, and the oldest is Jackie. I found these 2 addresses for Seymour on the Internet. I don't know if either is correct. Rubin, Seymour 2085 Rkwy Pkwy Brooklyn, NY 11236 (718) 763-5419 Rubin, Seymour 4218 Bedford Ave Brooklyn, NY 11229 (718) 769-2444 I also found Jackie's address on the Internet. I KNOW that this address is correct, because I used to visit Ida there. Rubin, Jack 2896 W 8th St Brooklyn, NY 11224 (718) 373-2049 (718) 373-0230 Since Jackie Rubin is occupying his parents' apartment, and since he is the oldest son -- I would think that he might be in possession of old family photos and correspondence from pre-war Eastern Europe. (Similar situation to Bill and Eddy Scolnik, above) ------------------------------------------------------------------- ***** More About the Family ***** During the years 1953-1956 (when I first came to NYC from Maine to study in a yeshiva), I used to regularly visit cousin Ida Manpel-Rubin and her husband Israel (Tulie), and their three sons. They lived in the East New York section of Brooklyn, at 367 ? Miller Avenue. (Later, they moved to 2896 West 8th Street in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn.) After visiting with Ida, I would walk over to (129?) Miller Avenue, and visit with cousin Sadie (Mrs Jake) Friedland, and her daughter Pauline. (I was just 13 or 14 years old. Ida and then Sadie would both feed me well.) I believe that Sadie had a sister (Becky Williams?) maybe in Far Rockway,NY. Besides their daughter Pauline, Sadie and Jake had a son named Al Friedland. Al married his second-cousin Estelle (nee Gurewitz), from Ithaca, New York (more below). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- My grandfather Louis Sam (Eleshleyme) Gurewitz (changed from Zaludik) had these siblings (as far as I recall): 1. Mary (Maryasha), who married her first-cousin Kalman Scolnik. (They lived at 210 Ash Street in Lewiston, Maine, as mentioned above.) 2. David, of Lewiston, Maine. He never married. 3. Harry, of Ithaca, New York. [I recall now that Mary's husband Kalman couldn't stomach Mary's brother Dovid. Dovid would have to sneak over to 210 Ash St. for a meal when Kalman wasn't home. Maybe this is one of the reasons that cousin Ida Manpel-Rubin didn't like him. (As I mentioned above.) I never met Harry Gurewitz. According to my records, Harry's daughter Estelle married her second-cousin Al Friedland. They had three children: Rickie, Phillip, Jay Lee, and Lisa Sue. I don't remember if I ever met any of Estelle's children. I MAY have met Estelle and Al Friedland, possibly at Sadie's home on 129 Miller Avenue in Brooklyn. I don't remember.) I vaguely remember that family members would stay with Estelle, whenever they visited Florida. (Why pay for a hotel?) My records show her address as: Estelle Friedland 17521 N. E. 1st Court North Miami Beach, Florida 33162 But I couldn't find it on the Internet. I am fairly sure that her husband Al Friedland has passed away. I don't know about her. The children are probably alive. ------------------------------------------------------------------- A 3rd son of Kalman and Mary Scolnik is Sam Scolnik. Sam is married to the former Mary Abromson. He is a (retired?) lawyer. Here is their address: Samuel and Mary Scolnik 3700 Calvert Pl Kensington, Maryland 20895 301-949-0519 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ******** Re the surname "GUREWITZ" ******** Ida Manpel once told me that the family-name Gurewitz wasn't genuine. The name was really Zheludek (Ida even wrote Zheludek for me on a paper.) Also, As a child, I once questioned "Uncle Dovid" (as I used to fondly address him) as to why the family name had been changed from Zheludek to Gurewitz. His reply was something like: "Vos bin ich shul-dik vos der ta-te hot amol ge-ton?" -- which gave me the impression that he couldn't, or didn't want to, explain why his father Yosef (after whom I'm named), had changed the name. Well, this is confirmed by Dave Fessler's family-tree. Only there, the name is spelled Zaludik -- which is probably more correct. There is a Yizkor-book commemorating a TOWN named ZHELUDOK. See http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/zaludok/zheludok.html Many years ago I skimmed through this book. In it I found some cousins of mine (from a different side of the family, not related to the Scolniks and Zaludiks) named ALPEROWICZ (ALPEROVITCH) and SZYFMANOWICZ (SHIFMANOVITCH). (Lyuba SZYFMANOWICZ died in the Holocaust according to page 314 in this book.) It doesn't make sense for a family-name (surname) to be identical to a town name. Someone from Vilna might be named Vilner (not Vilna). Someone from ZHELUDOK might be named ZHELUDKER. That's why I think that Zaludik is correct. An alternate spelling might be Zaludok or Zaludek. ------------------------------------------------------------------- According to Lester Solnin (changed from Sosensky) and Marian Anderson, Dave Fessler of Houston, Texas, has a large amount of information. They sent me a paper copy of Dave's family-tree, which is entitled "Descendants of Eliyohu Zaludik. It is a masterpiece ... They also sent me a digitized image (Paperport .MAX file) of a 1-page Report, which is information extracted from Dave's family-tree (database). Dave's email address is dfessler@houston.rr.com. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Speaking of "Sosensky", I vaguely recall seeing a photo of an old bearded man. I think he was a cousin named Sosensky. And I very vaguely recall being told that he was referred to as "Der Feter" ("The Uncle"). ==================================== I know nothing about the following person: P Scolnik Lewiston, Maine 207-784-5573 ------------------------------------------------------------------- I know nothing about the following person (Helen Manpel). Perhaps she is Ida's sister-in-law or niece? Manpel, Helen 1071 Eglinton West Toronto, Ontario, Canada Tel. 416-782-6465 ------------------------------------ Same is true for the following couple: Manpel, Jack & Frida 569 Sheppard Avenue, West Toronto, Ontario, Canada Tel. 416-636-9640 ------------------------------------ This is Ida's brother (a wealthy merchant?). Manpel, Louis 989 Eglinton Avenue, Apt. #223 Toronto, Ontario, CANADA M6C2C6 ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ On 10/13/1985 I (Jason I Alpert) attended a meeting of the KURENITZER FAREYN (Kurenitz Landsmanschaft or "Society"), held in New York City. There I unexpected ly met a man named Julius Scolnik, of the Bronx, NY. (This is NOT the Julius Scolnik of Lewiston, Maine.) Julius said that he is a cousin of Kalman Scolnik of Lewiston, Maine. Julius was born circa 1897. At that time, Julius's telephone was 933-1062 (now area-code 718). On 5/15/1986 I spoke with Julius by phone. He said that a meeting of the KURENITZER FAREYN had just been held on Sunday, 5/4/1986. ============= RESOURCES ============= *** Jewish Home for the Aged in in Portland, Maine ("Cedars Campus") *** My mother Dorothy (OBM) had a best friend. Her name was Ada (nee Meltzer) Abromson. Ada and her husband John retired to Phoenix Arizona. I believe that Mary (Mrs Samuel) Skolnik was a close relative of Ada or John. An Internet search that I just made for "Abromson AZ US" yielded no matches. But a search for Ada and John's son Joel yielded the following: I J and Linda Abromson 25 Fall Ln, Portland, ME 04103 207-797-4438 I believe that Linda is on the Board of Directors of the Jewish Home for the Aged in in Portland, Maine -- which is now called "Cedars Campus" http://www.thecedarscampus.com/ppf.html I mention this because the records of Cedars could possibly be a great source of info for people researching Jewish families in Maine. For example, I believe that a cousin from Auburn, Nochum Widrowitz (who was called Kop-Af-Kop) and possibly his wife Reyze ("Reize-Nochum's"), retired to this Home for the Aged. ------------------------------------ ******* Zalman Alpert ******* Zalman is librarian @ Yeshiva University's Mendel Gottesman Library. Zalman has published scholarly articles on Lubavitch history -- in the English section of the ALGEMEINER Journal. Zalman's father was born in Kurenitz, and Zalman is an expert on Kurenitz. He's from New Haven, Connecticut -- a city where many Jews from Vileyka, Kurenits, and Krasne area settled. Zalman's email address is alpert@ymail.yu.edu ------------------------------------ **** Websites **** Eilat Gordin-Levitan's Kurenitzer website is http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/kurenets/kurenets.html JGFF (Jewish Genealogical Society Family Finder) website is: http://www.jewishgen.org/jgff/ Miscellaneous other genealogical websites: http://www.ajhs.org/genealog.htm http://www.avotaynu.com http://www.jgsny.org http://www.JewishGen.org http://www.jewishgen.org/ajgs http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/database.html http://www.jewishgen.org/jgsgw/links.html http://www.lds.org/site_main_menu/frameset-global-bas_bel.html http://www.nara.gov/nara/nail.html http://members.aol.com/rechtman/yizkorbk.htm http://www.remember.org/children/tracing.html http://shamash.org/holocaust http://home.att.net/~JGSNYCem/WPAForm.htm http://www.yivoinstitute.org/archlib/genealog.htm#resources ------------------------------------ As cousin Steve Sosensky once wrote, I "have a lot of other things to take care of, and am putting genealogy on hold..." I will try to assist others in such research, by providing information that I have, and/or by translating from the Yiddish or Hebrew. But I cannot actively engage in the research myself ... maybe, later. So, please -- don't send me info -- just questions. Also, I am quite knowledable in Yiddish. I've spent vast amounts of time reading old Yiddish correspondence. If you have such correspondence, please mail same to me. ------------------------------------ For more info, please telephone me on 212-414-8738, or email me. -- Jason I Alpert (Yos'l ) ~~~~~~~~ END of Scolnik.txt FILE ~~~~~~~~ . Dear Eilat: I know that my mother was the daughter of Zalman Levin of Radoshkivichi who was one of 9 children. Her name was Asheh and she was also called Chasheh or Chashkeh. I know that Zalman Levin had about 3 or 4 brothers in the same village, on the same street, I believe and each of them had large families of children and grandchildren. Last year I had the chance to speak to a gentleman named Hillel Kreines who lives here in Toronto is originally from Radoshkovichi or lived there some of the time and knew my mother and her family. He was the one who told me that the Levin family was a huge family. My mother told me that before the war several of her older siblings were married and had chilcren. Unfortunately I don't know the names of the spouses or children nor did I ever know the the names of Zalman Levin's brothers and their families. My mother did not speak too much of the past and I did not question her very much as I knew this was so painful. But I very much regret knowing so little -- it's like a double loss for me now. From your list of those who perished, I would guess that anyone with the name Levine on it is a direct relation to me through my mother. All that I know of the Srebnik family is that it was my maternal grandmother's maiden name. I am going to continue to examine your info and the links provided and will be in tough again soon. Thanks so much for all your information, Ruth Glatter Dear Ruth, >I see that you are related to; >Shrebnik Radoshkovichi Belarus 6 Oct 2001 Dina Glatter (#64204) >dinaglatter@hotmail.com >Levine Radoshkovichi Belarus 6 Oct 2001 >Native of Radoshkovichi: Zvi Levin levinn@zahav.net.il send me some pictures >that I posted on the radishkovichi site; >http://eilatgordinlevitan.com/radoshkovichi/radoshkovichi.html > Welcome to the Radoshkovichi Site >1958 Radishkovichi >http://eilatgordinlevitan.com/radoshkovichi/r_images/110102_7_b.gif ; sitting >on the ground; ZALMAN LEVIN. Sitting above from left; RIVKA BOTVINIC, >SHOSHANA ZILBURG, AVRAHAM RUDERMAN, YAKOV RUDERMAN, MOTI LEVIN, ZINA >ALPEROVICH, standing from left; SARA BUNIA BOTVINIC, VELVL BOTVINIC, RAIA >MEDNIC, ZILA ZILBURG, ZILA LEVIN, LUBA ALPERUVICH, HIRSHL SHULMN, KILA >ALPERUVICH, HAIA SHNITMAN,SHLOMO SHAPIRO, GALIA RUDMAN, MAIR RUDMAN, BENIMIN >ZILBURG, PESAH IZICSON, CHAIM LEVIN, ZAV KAPLAN, ELI CHNITMAN, ZALMAN >ALPEROVICH. > http://eilatgordinlevitan.com/radoshkovichi/r_images/mem2_b.gif >Radoshkovichi 1947 >Standing from left; Mr. OKUN, BENYMIN ZILBURG, ZILA ZILBURG SITTING---FROM >LEFT Mrs. OKUN with baby, BELLA LEVIN with baby; Zvi LEVIN and >and there are others.the last 3 in; Levin Family click for some pictures; - Sunday, June 22, 2003 at 16:59:15 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Bronia (Breine) nee Kur Rabinovitz Story Breine is the daughter of Rivka, daughter of Alexander Volozhinski from Volozhin (Rivkas’ mother Mtya was from the Bunimovitz family of Volozhin). Bronia is a cousin of the Flant family from Dolhinov.Breines’ father was Mordechai Kur who’s’ father was a well-respected scribe (writer of Torah books) in Vileyka; (Koor). Rabbi yakov Landu Z”L ABD bnai Brak wrote about Yehoshua Kur in the yizkor book for kurenets; ‘…Amongst the shoemakers I must tell about Moshe Kur the Shoemaker from Dolhinov Street. He was a spiritual Jew and would read with excitement from the Torah. He was also a Kadainov Hasid. His father was Reb Yeoshua, the writer from Vileyka. The son of Moshe, Shlomo Chaim studied Torah in our minyan, and when he arrived at the age where he would be taken to the army, he escaped and went to London. His last name was Koor and from what I heard he became a Hazan in one of the synagogues in London, where he later passed away…”* The parents of Breine came from very respected religious families and a matchmaker arranged their marriage as the custom of Jews in 1900. The relatives from the groom side said that Rivka did not come to the marriage with the appropriate dowry but she had other qualities to compensate for it. The oldest boy; Avraham was born in 1910, Eliezer was born in He was “Tamid Chacham” a Yeshiva “Bachur”. A distant cousin; Arie Shevach remembers that there was a time when Eliezer had to serve in the Polish army c 1937. He was station near Krasne and the rabbi of Krasne ordered the family to prepare Kosher food for Eliezer and he would deliver it to Eliezer everyday. Arie was about 12 years old and was getting ready for his Bar Mitzva and Eliezer helped him with some of his studies. Breine attended the TARBUT school in Horodok. All the subjects [other the mandatory class in the Polish language] were instructed in HEBREW. Breine also attended the tuition free Polish public school for a few years. . After the Soviets took control of the area in September of 1939 and instituted a communist rule in the area Breine.'s oldest sister; Leyka, who owned a coffee store in Horodok knew that she would be classified unfavorably as ‘capitalist” so she moved to Vileyka. Vileyka, one of the region's main towns, became an important place for the Soviet municipal authorities and She worked for them. When the German invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941 The Soviet officers and official evacuated the area and crossed by trains the old border (the pre 1939 Poland/ Soviet union border) . Some of them insisted that Breine's sister, along with other Jews in the town who worked for the Soviets, left with them because they knew what the impending German invasion would mean for them. (in some cases the Soviet officials actually pushed Jews they encountered around town onto departing trains without leaving them a moment to return to their homes and families. One Jewish woman, Dora Rabinovitz told me that that she came to Vileyka to work that day wearing a light summer dress and, by chance, carrying a picture of her family in her pocket. She was pushed onto a train and sent to the cold of Russia for more then two years and was the only member of her family to survive E. D) Breine.'s brother Eliezer was studying in a yeshiva in Poland. In 1939, when the area was given to the Soviets the whole yeshiva received illegally acquired papers from the Japanese ambassador, or assistant to the Japanese ambassador in Lithuania. With these papers, the residents of the yeshiva were allowed to immigrate to China before the German invasion. In China, Breine.'s brother contacted their other brother back in the area of Horodok who subsequently traveled all the way to China so as to bring him back to Poland, where he would later perish in German hands. (He might have never left for China, his brother might have taken him from Lithuania back to Horodok the Soviets would never let anyone without papers go all the way to China and back the papers were very very hard to obtain) During the German occupation Breine and her family first went to a former Christian neighbor and asked him to hide them. However, because they had previously given him their possessions for safe keeping, he was loathe to the idea of saving those who may later ask for his newly acquired, albeit on loan, goods. So, when they asked to be let in, he threatened to kill them . Breine and the rest of the family escaped the killing in Horodok and came to the krasne ghetto. Most of the Jews in the krasne ghetto came from towns that were already annihilated. Every time before they annihilated a community, they chose a few Jews who could be useful and transferred them to Krasne. The place was chosen as a supply base for the Germans, where materiel was relayed to and from the front, including a large amount of weapons captured from the Soviets. Thousands of Jews worked in construction, in loading and unloading goods, and in other logistical support positions. Since the ghetto could not contain thousands of workers, the Germans established a labor camp, and they continuously brought Jews from neighboring towns after each action. As in other ghettoes and camps, there was a Jewish committee or Judenrat. At the head of the Krasne Judenrat was Shabtai Oryuk. During the First World War he had been a POW in Germany for a few years and learned to speak German fluently. Shaptai Olyuk and the brothers of the Kaplan house, Yitzhak and Moshe. . Breine and her family believed that working for the Germans will save them. She worked with other Jewish women and children to lay new train tracks. German soldiers routinely routed out and murdered Jews who were weaker or more feeble than the rest. The food given daily to the Jews who worked for the Germans consisted of one piece of bread with marmalade, and on occasion, a soup made from discarded potato peals. Often, the garbage of non-Jews was served to the Jews as food. Once, B. saw the German soldiers throw a live dog into the soup they were serving and then forced the Jews who had witnessed the event to eat the soup. At another time, a Jewish child returned to ask for an extra helping of soup. Instead of granting his request, the German soldiers put the child into the boiling soup. On one occasion, she spotted some moldy bread in the garbage and treasuring it, picked it out of the trash, eating a little and saving the rest for her family. Some German soldiers saw her and abused her for taking the bread. There was one Jew from Horodak who would tell the Germans which Jews were wealthy, in hopes of being spared by the soldiers. Nevertheless, the German soldiers later killed him Breine and her family thought that the Germans needed them as workers so they worked very hard because they thought it would be their ticket to survive. At one point they realized that they should go into hiding in a hidden ditch they had dug for that purpose. Many Jews resorted to living in ditches to escape the Germans. The ditches varied in size - some holding five, others ten, and still others, up to twenty people. Often ditches were designated for different age, and gender groups. While they were in hiding in the ditch and fearful of the German soldiers they knew were near, one of the young girls (about 10 years old) in the ditch with B. and her family started crying for water. A man in the ditch started choking her to silence her. B. Prevented him from killing the girl by pushing him away and placing her hands over the girl's mouth. The young girl is now a doctor in the U.S.. They had large amounts of gold and while hiding out in the ditch, they decided that the best thing to do would be to offer the wealth to the Germans in return for a promise of security. B was on her way to deliver the gold and solicit such a promise when Zemitre, a Christian from the village, came to her and challenged the logic of her mission. He said, "Are you crazy? Why are you going back to them? They're killing everyone." He then took Breine to his barn and hid her in the area used for storing hay, where she remained for a week. Breine's family didn't know what had happened to her after she left the ditch. Although everyone left the ditch while Breine was still missing, her family, because they were worried about her whereabouts returned to look for her. Tragically, her family was killed upon their return while the rest of the people who had left the ditch survived. A neighbor of the Christian who had saved Breine had also taken the risk of hiding a fugitive Jew. When the other neighbors found out they attacked and killed him, and burnt down his house. After this incident, Breine's host was afraid and forced her to leave. For a time she hid where she could, moving from place to place, and eating what she could find, including grass and garbage. One farmer who was out searching for eggs in his yard discovered Breine in hiding. He immediately knew who she must be. Terrified, she told him that she knew the location of a large quantity of gold and promised to lead him to it, should he chose to spare her from the Germans. The farmer told her to that he did not need her gold, he will help her but she must wait where she was and left since this occurred shortly after they sloutherred the Jews of Krasne many of the Jewish bodies were left in different areas were they were killed and the Germans were worried that disease would spread yet they did not want to touch the remains and all their Jewish slave workers were killed by them they ordered the local population to get rid of the budies and the man was ordered to do it. B. was certain that he had gone to fetch German soldiers. However, after ten minutes the farmer's wife appeared and offered B. a bowl of soup and a spoon. B. hadn't eaten in a long time, and ravished with hunger, drank the soup straight from the bowl. The farmer's wife cried to seeing her desperate condition. Breine stayed with the farmer and his wife, living exclusively in their barn for one week. She remained in hiding in the barn because there were many Germans in the area. She was never allowed in the house. Later, they made her a nanny to their children, although she continued to sleep in the barn. Most of the neighbors were never aware of her because of the lengths that B. and the family went to in keeping her presence a secret. Through rumors that had spread among the non-Jewish farming residents of the area, Isaac Noll, a Jewish member of the partisans, found out that there was a Jewish girl surviving alone in the area. (B. remarks that it was amazing that the residents had not yet turned her in). Isaac asked them where they could find her and they told her Maruska Kamarouski had her staying with him. The partisans Months before the German troops began slaughtering the Jews in KRASNE, many young Jewish men realized what was about to transpire and escaped deep into the surrounding forest where they joined forces with partisan groups already established by Soviets, and especially former Soviet prisoners of war who had been treated as badly as the Jews under the Germans. Together, they began ambushing and killing German soldiers. Much of the local population was afraid of the partisans because the partisans made it clear that anyone found collaborating with the Germans would be killed. When B. initially tried to join the partisans they would not accept her because she came empty handed. However, a younger first cousin of hers (his father was the brother of Breine's mother), Mayer Vol (previously known as Volojinski) ambushed a German and stole his weapon, which he then gave to B. so that she would be accepted in by the partisans. Now this cousin lives in Windsor, Canada. Breine. returned armed to the partisans, who let her in, and Breine became a member of the Atriad Staritsky. This group of partisans hid out in the forest between the towns of Baranovic and Volozhin, remaining closer to latter. Breine stayed in the forest for one and half years. After staying for awhile with the partisans she came to understand that the Germans were losing the war because, for the first time, she had access to radio broadcasting, and in 1944 they began seeing Allied planes fly overhead. Breine didn't fight with the partisans, but facilitated their goals in other ways, tending to the livestock and helping out with the cooking. After the war she received medals for her participation in the resistance, but hadn't killed anyone and so felt as though she didn't deserve them. Breine felt that Jews and Soviets alike were treated equally within the partisan ranks and generally, got along well. She does recall one instance, however, when a Jew by the name of Fole Parovsky went to town to find food with two Soviets, and never returned. The two Soviets claimed he had been killed by German soldiers. However, one partisan by the name of Jaunsh didn't believe their story and started investigating only to find that the Soviets had killed Fole. The partisans had a trial and found one of the Soviets guilty. He was subsequently killed. Breine can only speculate on his motivation, but believes it may have been anti-Semitism. However, this was a rare case. In the evenings, the partisans would make communal fires and sit around and sing together. They would sing so loudly and happily that Breine would be afraid that the German soldiers would find them. However, her cousin Isaac reassured her that they were too scared of the partisans to come to the forest that was controlled by the Russian partisans. Once the partisans caught a German soldier. This particular German soldier was a special target of their anger because he carried with him numerous photographs of Jews he had killed, (They used to send the pictures to Germany) They ordered everyone to watch while they killed him. Breine covered her face, refusing to watch. However, her cousin chided her, telling her she was crazy to feel any sympathy to Germans who mercilessly killed so many Jews. There was a woman named Yokha Rubenshik from Minsk who was a partisan member. When the Germans packed the Jews into train cars to be killed, she and her siblings where among those on the train. Yokha, realizing what their fate must be, pushed her younger brother out of the train. He eventually survived the war and became a dentist. She survived because she worked for the Germans and then escaped. Later, she joined the partisans and was sent by them back to Minsk where she recruited twelve more Jews. Together, this fugitive band removed their stars of David and escaped. However, while they were escaping a German soldier came by. Yokha approached him and spoke to him Russian, knowing that he would recognize her Yiddish accent if she spoke in German. She acted very self-assured and invited the German to eat with her. She emphasized that she had ham to eat and told him to meet her at a particular place and time later that evening. Meanwhile, the other Jews escaped. Towards the end of the war, when the Germans were clearly losing, a boy from Minsk named Moshe managed to round up thirty Germans who thought they were surrendering and would be made POWs. When the commanders told the partisans that the area was free of German troops, forty Jewish partisans decided to re-enter the city of Volozhin, the closest town. Upon returning they found that many homes and been burnt down and destroyed. Also, this town, previously famous for its large Jewish population had been repopulated by Christians. When the Christians saw that Jews were returning they began to weep and were afraid. However, the group of forty Jews were still scared to disband and live separately, and so they re-occupied only three houses in the town. Because there were so few Jews that had survived the war, this group of survivors became like family to one another. It was while staying in this house that Breine met her husband to be. He had spent the war as a soldier in the Red Army in Russia, although he was originally from Breine's hometown of Horodok. As soon as he heard that his home region had been freed by the Red Army, he boarded a train and returned. When he had left for Russia he left behind a wife and two children, who were to perish in the Holocaust. His first wife's name was Blumke, she was a beautiful woman (one of her brothers survived the war and lives iin Israel). Because of her beauty, the Germans wanted to take her to work for them and send her children to be killed, but she insisted on accompanying her children. Everyone knew this story about Blumke and her children and so were able to tell her husband what had happened when they eventually met up with him upon his return. Breine's future husband returned to find Christians living in his old house. As soon as they saw him, one of the Christians went to look for an axe with which to kill him. Understanding what they were about to do, Breine's future husband jumped out of a window in the house and went for the Soviet police. After this incident, he was too afraid to ask any Christians about what had happened to his family, and couldn't find any Jews in the town. However, he did eventually learn that there were a few Jews living in Volozhin. When he arrived in Volozhin and met Bronia, he immediately asked her to marry him. Since Bronia had come from a religious family she had never looked at another man before him. After getting married they stayed in Volozhin for one year and began selling things from a horse and carriage. Breine's first son was born there. However, like all the other Jews living in Volozhin, Bronia and her husband wanted to leave. All of a sudden, Breine's sister who had traveled on a train to Siberia before the German invasion, returned. Her sister had written a letter to a Christian neighbor named Yokobovsky inquiring about her family. Breine happened to return to Horodok with her husband to visit and was given the letter. She responded to her sister's letter from Kemarov, Siberia, writing that the rest of the family had died, but not to grieve because she was still alive. Upon getting the letter, her sister fainted and was taken to the hospital where she spent two months. After recovering, she returned to Volozhin with a Jewish man she had met in Siberia, and lived with Breine. and her husband. Shortly after they arrived in Volozhin they decided to leave for Germany. From Germany they believed they would be able to travel to other countries. They had terrible associations with the town of Volozhin and the surrounding area and couldn't wait to leave. However, when they arrived in Germany they found themselves marooned in refugee camps for a year and a half, which, compared to other fellow refugees, was a short time. As refugees, however, they were allowed to stay in real homes and apartments, which had previously been inhabited by members of the SS. Part of the problem was that no country wanted to accept them. Although they received free food and goods from the U.S., they were barred from emigrating there. B.'s husband said he didn't want to go to the U.S. anyway and preferred instead to move to Israel where he felt there would be more of an assurance that what had happened to them in Poland would not reoccur. Eventually they were able to travel on a ship named the Queen Anna Maria to Israel. In Israel they lived first in a refugee camp named Binyamina in very difficult conditions in tents. Later, they settled in Brandeis in Israel I received emails form other members of the family; Dear Eilat Wonderful to hear Breines story My grandfather - Shlomo Hayim, son of Moshe and cousin of Breine had family both in England and in Russia Shlomo Hayim had 4 children Marie - married name Coleman - Stephen's mother Henry- my father Hanna - married name Mather Lily/Leah- married name Broza I moved to Israel from England about 25 years ago. I live in Efrat about 20 minutes from Jerusalem but work in Jerusalem and commute every day. I have an elder brother Shlomo who lives in Petach Tikva near Tel Aviv and a younger brother Jonathan who lives with my mother in Netanya. My parents came to Israel in 1983 to retire. My father passed away in 1988. Danny Koor Eilat My cousin Danny Koor has been in contact with you, and has sent me all the details he has received from you so far. We share the same grandfather Shlomo Chayim, or Solomon Koor as he was known in England. My late mother Marie, and Danny's late father Henry were brother and sister, together with 2 surviving sisters Hannah and Lily. The family lived initially in the East End of London, moving to Notting Hill in the 1920's, where my grandfather eventually became minister of Notting Hill Synagogue until he died in May 1946. Stephen Coleman . - Friday, June 20, 2003 at 18:28:20 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Belarus SIG members attending the 23rd IAJGS Conference on Jewish Genealogy in Washington D.C. (July 20-25, 2003) So far, the following 85 people (or couples) have signed up Name Towns Surnames ATKINS, Harold Senno, Orsha, Upyna, Telsiai EITINGON, ATKINS, SEGAL BELINKOFF, Adar Gomel BELINKOFF BERG, Sandra Brest Litovski WANDER, ZILBERBERG, UNTERMAN BISHOW, Marlene Wolpa, Ivye, Grodno GOLDSTEIN, PETT, SINGER BOONIN, Harry Slutsk District ASSOFSKY, BERKOWITZ, TSIPALEYEV BOXER, Judy Grodno WEINSTEIN BRILL, David Usvyaty, Shklov BRIL\', LEVIN, ALEINIKOV BROWN, Janet Slonim, Smorgon, Minsk, Pinsk TRILNI(C)K, MOLCHOTSKY,SMARGON,FRIEDLANDER CARVER, Tina Soski, Minsk KAPLAN CAUGHLAN, Jenny Suwalki, Ciechanowiec, Budapest, Nagy Oroszi, Becshke, Berlin KAUFER, STEINER, SOLL/SOLE, PHILLIPS/FILIPOWSKI, HEKSCH, LENGYEL, HAAS COHEN, Jay Piaski, Volkovysk KAGAN, YEZERSKY, YERSZKI, JESIERSKI COHODAS, Alvin Naroch CHODASH DARDASHTI, Schelly Talalay Mogilev, All Belarus, All Russia, Worldwide TALALAY DESHUR, Penny Minsk FONDILLER D\'ALMEIDA, Franck Grodno, Vilnius ZOLTY EASTON, Glenn Minsk EPSTEIN EGAN, Shana Kobryn, Brest Litovsk, Kamenets, Divin, Bialystok RITZENBERG, DAITCH, KAPLAN, MESSYNG, SHAMES EPSTEIN, Ruth+moshe Pinsk,korelitch,mir SAUBERMAN,SCHIFFMAN,OBRINSKY FEARER, Mark Volozhin, Lyskava, Volkevysk, Ruzhany RAGOVIN, PINKAUSOVICH, CHERNICHOFF FELDMAN, Rose Mscibow, Ruzhany, Kosovo EPSTEIN, BYARSKY, ILLIVITSKY (ELIVITSKY), KAPLAN FIBEL, Harriet & Joseph Werenow, Radun OLKENITZKY FINE, Ernie Minsk BAKSTANSKY, SLONIMSKY FISHKIN, Jewel Bobruisk-Mintz-Volosyn-Olshony-Krasne FISHKIN-SKLUT-KAPLAN-WOLCHEK=MATLIN=BRUDNER FOX, David Minsk, Mogilev TSIVIN, FEITELSON, SHENDEROV, RABINOWITZ FOX, Judith KOENIG Korma, Bychov,Mogilev,Seletz GLICKLIN, KARASIK, BAEVSKY,WILENSKY,SCHNEERSON,PLOTKIN, YAMNITSKY FRANKL, Rhea Borisov, Zembin, Lahoisk FEITELSON, BACHRACH, KATZMAN GALLARD, Cindy Skrigalovo, Petrikov, Osovets,Romanovka LOBATCH GLICKSBERG, Ruth Miedzyrzec,Wegrow,Warsaw,Pultusk GLICKSBERG,GLUCKSBERG GOLDBERG, Nancy Minsk, Slutsk, Derbent ROSOVSKY, RUDEVITSKY, SCHAEFFER, GALENSON, LEVINE GOLDSMITH, Judith Nesvizh, Taraspol, Chisinau STOLIAR, MIRMOVITCH, YATZKEVICH, LEIVOV GOLDSMITH, Susan Novyy Sverzhen, Stolbtsy, Yasevich, Mir, Dolginovo TOBIAS, ROZANSKY, HOROWICZ, DROZNAN GORDON, Judith Motol, Minsk, Pinsk SOKOLOV. KAHN, COHEN, NACHMAN, LURIA, SHAPIRO GREENBERG, Roslyn Zirmuny, Lida, Voronovo, Divenishkes ROGATNICK, ZIRMUNSKY, KALMANOWITZ, MOLCHADSKY GREENMAN, Linda Antopol GREENMAN, RESNICK HANIT, Kevin Derechin, Baranovici, Ruzhany CHERVYATITSKY, ABELOVICH, KLETSKIN, LEVITT, GRACHUK HENKIN, Hilary Mogilev, Orsha, Kopys GENKIN, BELIITSKI, BERLIN HIRSCHHORN, Donald And Sandra Retchetsa, Berezeno PASSOV, RAFALCZECH HIRSCHHORN, Donald Retchitsa Gomel PASSOFF,ITZKOOWITZ HIRSCHHORN, Sandra Berezeno, Minsk, Igumen RAFALCHEK, KARPEI, PODOLNIK HOLDEN, Nancy Myadel, Kobylnik, Mscibow, GORDON, KRIVITSKY, HORWITZ, KALER HOLTZMAN, Alvin Pinsk, Galati, Dorohoi HOLTZMAN, PERLOW, GLOBERMAN, POLLACK, ZARITSKY, HOROVITZ, BRAUNSTEIN KAPLAN, Rochelle Kopyl, Slutsk (belarus); Sambor, Vinnytsa, Brailov (ukraine); Riga, Bauska (latvia); Kraziai (lithuania); Piesk; KAPLAN, BREGMAN, RAPOPORT (BELARUS); SCHRECKINGER, KARP, APFELZUS, RICHTER (SAMBOR); GERSON (LATVIA); ZAKS (LITHUANIA); LIPSON, LERNER (VINNYTSA); LEBOWSKY, LUBOV (PIESK) KARSEN, Mike Minsk Gubernia, Haradisht YNAKELOVICH, SHEPSOLOVICH KROM, Harold Slutsk / Gomel BUNIN / TITINSKY KRONGOLD, Judith Mir, Lubtch, Turets, Bielsk, Vladimir Volynsk WILENSKY, TREMBITSKY, BLOOM, KRONGOLD LEVINE, Michael Logoysk, Smolivichi, Minsk LEVINE, RELYUSHCHIN, SEGALOWITZ, GOLDFARB LEVY, Mike Slonim BUBLACKA, MINKOWICK MARKEL, Beatrice Vileyka, Dalhinov, Vilna KAGAN,KAHAN,ZAPODNIK MASLOV, Freya Blitstein Suchawolya, Grodno KRAMER, SOKOLSKY MENDELOW, Aubrey Tsuraki, Starosselje AXELROD, HOROWITZ, KATZENELSON, KAZENELENBOGEN, EISENSTADT MESHENBERG, Mike Nesvizh, Chomsk ZATURENSKY, TEVYANSKY, ELLMAN MUSIKAR, Barbara Slonim, Kobrin, Brest SAMSONOWITZ, KLEMPNER, NEMOY, Estelle Gomel GARELICK/GORELICK NEUBAUER, Selma Oshmyany HOROWITZ AND BOSH OKNER, Ben Borbruisk CHERTOV, RABKIN OLKEN, Deb Werenow OLKENITZKY PAULIN, Gladys Friedman Kalinkovichi, Bragin, Yurevichi, Tulgovichi, Mozyr MINEVICH, RAICHMAN, GUTMAN, RAZHEVSKY, LEVIK PEARLMAN, SUSAN Bialystok, Minsk, Porozowa, Szereszewo, Wolpa SZEJNMAN, JASKOLKA, MALETSKY, KOSLOVSKY, WISHNIATSKY, PEARLMAN POLLERO, Shelley Kobrin, Vitebsk TENENBAUM, KAGAN, LEKHERZAK POSNICK, Mike Budslavy, Dolginovo, Drogiczn, Kobrin, Kopyl, Minsk, Mir, Novyy Sverzhen, Timkovichi EHRLICH, FRIEDMAN, GOLOVENCHITS, KOSOWSKY, POZNIAK, ROZIN, SHERMAN, SHULKIN, SZTEYNBERG, ZELEVYANSKY REDLICH, Rita Svir SYKEN RHODE, Harold Dolginovo, Vileika Uyezd AXELROD, RUBIN, SHUMAN RILEY, Gayle Minsk, Timikovichi, Uslion LEVIN, GARFINKEL, COHEN,SAHAPIRO ROCK, Jeffrey Bereza, Bluden, Brest ROG, ROCK ROSENBAUM, Edward Lunna, Porozovo, Slonim, Sverzhen AGINSKI, BELLER, GRUNDFAST, GRUNDFEST, SILVERBLATT ROSOW, Emma Haradok, Rudnya MINKOFF, GUSINSKY RUBENSTEIN, Herbert Vitebsk LEVIT SALTMAN, Joanne Slonim, Kozlovshchina, Lida SALT(Z)MAN, MISHKIN, EPSTEIN, ZLOTNIK SANDLER, Michelle Borisov MEBEL, KLEBENOFF SASLAFSKY, Jennifer Slutsk, Barbruisk KOMISAR SCHNEIDER, Jerry Pinsk AIZENBERG, ELSTEIN SCHWARTZBERG, Jenny Antopol, Motol, Seletz, Drogichin, Baranovici, Turetz KAPLAN, KAMENETZKY, TELECHANSKY, ADLER, PLOTNITZKY, SHEDROVITZKY, SHERESHEVSKY, WALDMAN, KANTOROWITZ, MOSKOWITZ SHAPIRO, Sandra Garfinkel Divin, Kobryn, Kortylisy, Chernyany, Dobryanka, Podobryanka GARFINKEL, TENENBAUM,KLYN, LEVY, GOLDSMITH, KRASELSKY, LITVINSKI, SIMON, Andrea Volchin, Brest MIDLER, LEW SMITH, Lester Gudegai, Zhuprany, Oshmina, SHUMELISKY, DAVIDSON SPECTOR, Joel Chashniki, Lepel, Shklov ZEITLIN, BLACK, BLECHMAN, SKIBINSKI STEPAK, Ellen Pinsk BRENN, POSENITSKY, NIEMCOWIC SUBER, Gordon Bobruysk, Omelyna, Tchedrin ZUBER, ZILBERMAN TUERK, Janis Khomsk, Serniki Pervyye, Glussk SILBERKVEIT,TURKIENICH,KAGAN WEIN, Joseph Bialystok FINKELSTEIN WEIN WEINER, Stephanie Smorgon, Bobruisk CHODOSH, WEINER, LACOWITSKY WILNAI, Ruth Rakow, Wolma, Iventes LIFSHITZ, ROTHSTEIN WOLRAICH, Debra Motol, Ivanovo, Bobruisk, Pinsk RATNOWSKY, WARSHOVSKY, VALINSKY, ABRAMOWICZ, SLEPOY ZERDIN, Keith Minsk, Vilani, Preili, Varaklani, Dvinsk ZHERDIN, PRESMA, KODIS, KODISH, KAIDAN, MEDNICOV, ZAVADSKI, TOBOVITCH ZIESELMAN, Paula Kamenets, Verkholesye(?) WEISBERG, SPELKE . ------------------------------------------------------------------------ I would like to share with you another report I received from Belarus: In Vyazyn’(not far from Iliya) a burial place of Jews was found. In the garden of a local citizen there were found about 60 remains of local Jews executed in 1944 David Fox . - Tuesday, June 17, 2003 at 23:45:54 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Annie (Elka) ISAACSON-GRAFFMAN (b. ~~1870; bur. 1955 in AUBURN,MAINE) -- 1st husband: Samuel (Yehoshua) ISAACSON (d. 5/13/04) 2nd husband (of Annie/Elka ISAACSON-GRAFFMAN): Joseph L. (Hebrew name;Yosef-Yehuda son of Mordechai-Eliezer) GRAFFMAN (died 1/23/33) children; Keith GRAFFMAN (wife: Bertha) (FLORIDA & SKOWHEGAN,MAINE)Born 7 Apr 1909 Died 23 Jul 2002 Issued: ME (1952)Bertha still reisdes in Stuart Fl. I have a , -------------------------------Joel, resides in Palm city Fl, with his second wife Jeannette, ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////daughter Jamie and son Joshua /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////from his first wife; Joanne a son;Ross ----------------------------Debra lives in Huntington, NY with husband Steve Gardner and /////////////////////////////////////////////////////Daughter, Chelsea, b, July 30 1987 Bernard ("Benny") GRAFFMAN (1st wife:, Rita died some years back *, d.) (FLORIDA & SKOWHEGAN,MAINE) Bernard Graffman, (D - 1998) Benny and Rita had 2 Children ------------------------- son Peter, of Newton Mass. His wife is Jennifer and they have 1 child/////////////////////////////////////////////// Loralee. -------------------------a daughter, Judy who is married with 1 child and lives in Baltimore. -- second wife of Bernard ("Benny") GRAFFMAN: sister of Keith's wife Bertha; Charolette /Lottie now resides in Atlanta, Ga. . - Tuesday, June 17, 2003 at 20:45:34 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Though the most visible function of the United States Secret Service is guarding the President of the United States, the Service is also involved in the investigation and prosecution of various banking and counterfeiting crimes. You can help the Secret Service by forwarding all "African scam" type spams, with full headers, to 419.fcd@usss.treas.gov . <419.fcd@usss.treas.gov> USA - Sunday, June 15, 2003 at 09:02:34 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Haskara meeting. 61 years since the extermination of the Jewish community of Dolhinov. A memorial ( Haskara ) meeting for the Jews of Dolhinov who were massacred by the Nazis and their colleborators will be held in Tel-Aviv, Yehudit Ave. 30 at Beit Vilna on the 18.6.03 at 18.00 PM. The Dolhinov Committee in Israel <rubinlj@netvision.net.il> - Friday, June 13, 2003 at 07:20:58 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ From;GREAT NORTHERN WAR Telpukhovski, Col. B. S. ......Strategic plan of campaign in Russia was worked out by Charles already in Saxony. It was to go by the shortest route and time to Moscow. But on the way to fulfill this plan the heroic defense of the Russian army and white Russian and Ukrainian peoples brought trouble and Charles had to change part of the operation plan to try to keep to the strategic plan. Battle of Golovichi At the beginning of June 1708 Charles had a three month supply of food. He left Radoshkovichi, where his main headquarters was located, and moving to Minsk from where in 7 June 1708 he began to move toward the Berezina. Deciding not to force the river at Borosova, he went south to the Berezina and on 14 June the lead units forced the river and on 17 June all the Swedes were across the river on to the left bank.... http://216.239.51.100/custom?q=cache:8zrH93A0lSsC:www.xenophongi.org/rushistory/battles/nortwart.htm+Radoshkovichi&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 to read the entire assay click here - Saturday, May 17, 2003 at 22:12:37 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ My name is Avraham Yeshaiah (nee Arnold Sheldon) Greenhaus. I was born in Brooklyn NY in November 1935. My grandfather was Jeschaia (later Samuel) Grinhaus (spelling uncertain). My grandmother was Hanna Reichel (later Anna Rachel)Grinhaus (nee Zimmerman).At what point the name was given its partially Americanized spelling is uncertain. They came to the US in 1891(?), from Rozhnevitz(?), Radoschkovitz(?). Anyone having any knowledge please contact me. Avraham Greenhaus Avraham Yeshaiah Greenhaus <avgree@yahoo.com> Jerusalem , Israel - Thursday, May 15, 2003 at 14:01:29 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ My name is Avraham Yeshaiah (nee Arnold Sheldon) Greenhaus. I was born in Brooklyn NY in November 1935. My grandfather was Jeschaia (later Samuel) Grinhaus (spelling uncertain). My grandmother was Hanna Reichel (later Anna Rachel)Grinhaus (nee Zimmerman).At what point the name was given its partially Americanized spelling is uncertain. They came to the US in 1891(?), from Rozhnevitz(?), Radoschkovitz(?). Anyone having any Knoledgeplease contact me. Avraham Greenhaus Avraham Yeshaiah Greenhaus <avgree@yahoo.com> Jerusalem , Israel - Thursday, May 15, 2003 at 14:00:38 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Today I called Moshe Baran. Moshe was born in 1919 in Horodok to Ester nee Weisbord from Volozhin (born in 1902 and Yosef Baran who was so born in Horodok 1890 (His grandfather; Avraham Pinchas was born in Oshmina grandmother; Riva Risha). Moshe's parents met when his father attended the Volozhin Yeshiva and he had a "Keset" (room and board) at the house of of the Weisbord family in Volozhin. Ester nee Weisbord had four sisters; 1. ? Married a Persky in Volozhin and had two daughters; Gitel born c 1912 and Zila born c 1916. Gitel was married before the war. The family perished in Volozhin. 2. Shoshke married Yisrael Mayzel and lived in Horodok. At one point they immigrated to the U. S and some of their children were born there. The family returned to Horodok were the mother died. some of their children went to Cuba and in 1950 went to Luisiana.the rest of the family perished in Horodok. 3. Bela, a twin sister to Ester went to Louisiana (Shreveport) she had a family there. 4. Chana married a lampart and perished in Volozhin. Moshes' father; Yosef Baran had a brother; Hirshel Leib Baran who moved to Kurenets after his wife died. one of his sons also moved to Kurenets. Hirshel perished in Kurenets. His son escaped to the forest and was later killed. Moshe had twin sisters; Mina and Musha, they were born in 1928 his brother Yehoshua was born in 1922. In 1928 the family moved to Rakov. The father had a leather factory there. Yakov Lifshitz was Moshes' teacher in Rakov. Pruma nee Shulman lifshitz (Yakov's wife) was his teacher in Horodok. The family lived in Rakov until 1932 and then returned to Horodok. Moshes' father and one of his sisters perished in the holocaust. Moshe, his mother, his brother Yehoshua and the other sister were sent to the work camp in Krasne. One time when Moshe was working on the rail road for the Germans two Jews from Warsaw were working near by. They were ordred to put away some Russian weapon that the Germans found.Moshe and the guys were able to hide some of it and take it to the Ghetto. in January of 1943 a Jewish woman asked Moshe to help her to escape with her two children (7 and 9) she told him that she knew of a forest were other Jews from the area were hiding and she would take him there if he would help them. Moshe took his weapon and escaped with the woman and her children. They arrived in the area of Kramnitz near Ilja and found the Jews. Since Moshe had weapon he became a member of the partisan unit Hanokem (Masitel) the leader was Lunin and the Komisar was Patashkevitz. Moshe was able to help his mother, sister and brother escape from the Krasne camp on March 17,1943 two days before the camp was annihilated. Moshe served with the partisans until 1944. in the spring of 1944 when the Germans knew that they had lost the war in the East (Of Europe) they started a huge blockade against the partisans. Moshe and his unit were hiding in the marshes for many days. Moshes' Mother; Ester was the only Jewish mother in Horodok who survived the Holocaust. after the war ended the family was on the way to Israel when the family of Ester's sisters in Shreveport, Louisiana found out that they survived. They pleaded with them to join them in the U. S. They were well of and helped them to settle in America. Today Moshe lives in Pittsburgh next to his sister. Yehoshua lives in Los Angeles. Moshe told me that some years ago he visited Yisrael Garber the son of the Shochet of Hordok who now lives in New York. Yisrael had a movie that was made in Horodok in 1933 by Dov Shapira who was born in Horodok. Dov left Horodok when he was 13. He did well in America and in 1933 he and his wife came for a visit and Gave large sums of money to the Rabbi of Horodok for the community. They also gave five dollars to each person even to the little children. They also made a film of their visit. Moshe knew that the film must be for more then a personal use. He transferred it to a video and send copies to Horodok people in Israel and also gave copies to Jewish organizations. the video Horodok could be ordered for $30 at; http://www.brandeis.edu/jewishfilm/titlepricestart.html "Image Before My Eyes," is the name of a 90-minute film about Jewish life in the Pale of Settlement between the two World Wars. The video includes some, but not all, of the footage from the Horodok silent video, as well as some different footage of what was obviously the same visit. This excerpt also includes interviews, segments on other locations and on other topics, including the wooden synagogues, of which so very few remain. The modern parts are in color, and the entire 90-minutes is also available through The National Center for Jewish Film at Brandeis. http://www.brandeis.edu/jewishfilm/titlepricestart.html Moshe told me that there are other videos of Resistance and Stories of Jewish Partisans that he (and some other partisans from the area of Horodok and other areas ) detail their battle first for survival and then for revenge in the towns and forests of Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus between 1941 and 1945. . . - Wednesday, May 14, 2003 at 21:29:27 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ I heard from Leah Nakhshon-Shiff that the Radoshkovitsh, Krasne, Rakov, Horodok meeting on May 4 was successful. I could not come; my sister was landing at the airport, coming from Paris during the conference time. Regards, Moshe Porat . - Wednesday, May 14, 2003 at 10:51:18 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 km from the recreation center "Alesya" there is an old town Radoshkovichi known since the year 1447. According to annals the famous magnates Gatsholds, Bona Sforca the Queen of Poland and Grand Lithuanian Princess, the Glebovichs, and the Radzivils governed the town in ancient times. Since 1539 till the middle of the XIX century it was the place for annual festivals and fairs. In the XVI century a castle was built here. In 1659 the town Radoshkovichi was granted self-government - Magdeburg - rights, in 1792 the emblem of the town was introduced. Not far from "Alesya" in the village Vyazynka (now Vyazynka is a literary memorial) in the year 1882 the famous Byelorussian poet Yanka Kupala was born. Contact Information CMAM-1 Institute of Mathematics NASB 11 Surganov Str. 220072 Minsk, BELARUS Click for the site - Sunday, May 11, 2003 at 17:53:48 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ earching for the Kantorovich family from Slonim/Belarus and also for Keylman/Keilman family from Gorodki/Belarus. One of my great-greatgrandfathers, the head of department of the railway compagnie ( St. Petersbourg to Warschau ) in Vilnius, Jakob David Kantorovich was born in Slonim ( b. ca. 1825/30, d. ca. 1903 in St. Petersbourg/Russia ). On 1860 in Riga/Latvia Jakob ben David Kantorovich was married with Henriette Wilhelmina Minne Mindel Isaakovna, nee Keilmann. Both had three children: Sophie Jakobovna Kantorovich b. 1863 in Vilnius/Lithuania, Alexander Jakobov Kantorovich b. 1866 in Vilnius/Lithuania and my greatgrandma Eugenie Jakobovna Kantorovich b. 1868 in Vilnius/Lithuania. I'm also searching for a great jewiosh family named Key(j/I)lman(n) from Gorodki. Some of them went to Ulla near Witebsk, other went to Lithuania, Courlande and Latvia. I'm searching for all documents, photos of my jerwish ancestors from Slonim, Vilnius, Riga rob.dup.@gmx.de . - Thursday, May 08, 2003 at 08:09:34 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hochstein, Louis Age: 32 Year:1920 Birthplace:Russia came to the country in 1910 Na 1918? Roll: T625_1047 Page: 7A State:New Jersey ED: 246 County:Hudson Image: 0928 Township:Jersey City Tailor Wife; Bessie? Age: 25 Year: 1920 came to the country in 1911 from Russia Na 1918? son; Richard Age: 4 Year:1920 Birthplace:New Jersey Jewish daughter; Elsie? Age: 1 Year:1920 Birthplace:New Jersey Jewish Name Inducted From Rank Combat Organization Death Date Monument Last Known Status U.S. Awards Hochstein, Ernest A Oregon not Recorded United States Civilian Oct 07 1943 Honolulu, Hawaii, United States Buried Hochstein, Howard J New York Private 70th Tank Battalion Jun 13 1944 Normandy, France Buried Purple Heart . . - Wednesday, May 07, 2003 at 09:48:12 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ wanted to first of all thank you for putting together such a wonderful site. The wealth of information I was able to find is phenomenal. I am also curious if you are interested in receiving and possibly posting additional photographs to the site. My father, Arkady Gringauz and his brother Yakov Gringauz, have a number of pictures from the 30s and 50s. They also were able to identify individuals on the photographs where you don't have names listed. My father's grandmother on the mother's side was named Rachil' (Rachel) Lipman - this is her maiden name. Her married name was Noll' (her husband's name was Lazer and her brother Israel). Rachil' had two other sisters - Rashka and Genya-Malka married Sam Cohen; and a brother Yosef Lipman (an actor in Israel). Both of these sisters came to the US at the turn of the century and the brother ended up in Israel. Their father's name is Yale (Yoel)Lipman 1910; Glochetein (Hochstein), Rose Female 24y Married Russia, Hebrew Radonh Howitz,(Radoshkowitz) Russia going to husband H. Hochstein c/o Sam Cohen in St. Louis 0015. Glochetein, Glerschel (Hochstein Hershel) M 4y S Russia, Hebrew Radonh Howitz,(Radoshkowitz) Russia 0016. Glochetein, Raschke F 2y S Russia, Hebrew Radonh Howitz,(Radoshkowitz) Russia Lipman, Raschel F 16y S Russia, Hebrew Radoshkowitz, Russia going to brother in law; Sam Cohen in St. Louis 1930 U.S. Federal Census • Missouri • St. Louis (Independent City) • St. Louis (Districts 1-250) • Hochstein, Isadore Age: 45 in 1930 Birthplace: Russia married to Tellie at age 27 also from Russia she was 25 when they married. he was a "hat maker" he came to the U.S in 1905 she came in 1906 Roll: T626_1244 Race: White Page: 28A State: Missouri ED: 221 County: St Louis (Independent City) Image: 0963 Township: St Louis CHERNISS BLANCHE BESS FEMALE born; 10 Dec 1910 MISSOURI died; 28 Aug 1987 ORANGE 561165026 mothers maiden name;LIPMAN fathers'; COHEN . - Wednesday, May 07, 2003 at 09:06:03 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ My Grandfather was Hyman Hochstein of Bayonne,NJ. His daughter, Rose, was my mother. She always told me the family came from Radishkovich and/or Novogroduk and she was born in Bayonne,with a given name of Riva or Reba. After she died in 1991, her younger sister, Zelda, told me she had been born in Russia and came over as an infant. Sure enough, this web site has 3 listings which, I suspect, are my mother. Riwe or Ruve Hochstein is shown as having arrived at age "0" from Nowoguidok or Noregrodok in 1906. If anyone can provide some clarity to this sketchy info, plz contact me. Major General Larry Taylor USMC <kim-chi@mindspring.com> Atlanta, GA USA - Tuesday, May 06, 2003 at 15:19:19 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ .....Byelorussia's Jewish population numbered almost 1.1 million on the eve of the German invasion. In fact, many of Byelorussia's largest cities - Minsk, Vitebsk, Mogilev, Gomel, Bobruisk, Orsha - had Jewish majorities. The invading Germans began the murder of Byelorussian Jews soon after their arrival. Jews who were not killed during the initial operations were forced to move into ghettos. These ghettos were systematically liquidated from the fall of 1941 to the fall of 1943. German authorities a lso accused the Jews of being the driving force behind the Soviet partisan movement, whose members began to operate in growing numbers behind German lines in the spring of 1942. For example, Wilhelm Kube, the Commissar General for White Ruthenia, equated Jews with partisans in the same report in which he proudly told his superiors about the murder of 55,000 Byelorussian Jews during a ten-week period in the spring and summer of 1942. (3) Most Nazi crimes in Byelorussia, particularly the murder of Byelorussian Jewry, were committed by mobile forces. Units belonging to two of Heydrich's Einsatzgruppen - A and B - were operating in Byelorussia. They received assistance from regular German police battalions and Waffen-SS units. To be sure, some of the Einsatzgruppen headquarters became stationary at the end of 1941 for the purpose of establishing an SS/police structure in the occupied Soviet Union. Yet, the occupiers' killing opera tions never really lost their mobile character throughout the occupation owing to the expanse of the areas to which these forces were assigned. After the war, members of the Einsatzgruppen were the subjects of several trials, most notably that of Otto Oh lendorf and 20 other officers before a U.S. military tribunal from July 1947 to April 1948. (4) Beginning in 1950 West German courts also tried Einsatzgruppen men. (5) In addit ion to the courts, historians also began to investigate the Einsatzgruppen and publish their findings. (6) While the history of the Einsatzgruppen is by now well-documented, the same cannot be said for most of the indigenous units who assisted the Germans in the murder of Soviet Jews and gentiles. Some - like the Arjas Commando, the Kaminsky Brigade an d the SS unit "Druzhina" - have attained great notoriety. However, historians have paid little attention to the large numbers of lesser-known indigenous "security" forces without which the Germans would have encountered greater difficulty in liquidating entire ghettos and staging massive murder and pillage operations disguised as anti-partisan actions. The Germans established two types of local units: the Schutzmannschaft and the Ordnungsdienst. The forme r generally operated in areas under civilian administration and fell within the SS/police command structure; the latter was established in army and army group rear areas and placed under the authority of local and district military commanders. Historians have only recently begun to study the Schutzmannschaften and the Ordnungsdienst. (7) ..... From; Investigating Nazi Crimes in Byelorussia: Challenges and Lessons by Frank Buscher http://muweb.millersville.edu/~holo-con/buscher.html click to read the entire article - Monday, May 05, 2003 at 23:05:48 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ http://www.jct.co.il/shareholders.asp The Jewish Colonial Trust Ltd share holders; Wolosin; Podbersky Moses Wolosin; Rogowin Israel Wileika; Beilbinder S. Wileika; Dillon Jacob Wileika; Efron Dora Wileika; Freides - Wileika; Kopeliowitch Schmuel Wileika; Landa H Wileika; Lewin Abram Wileika; Perelmann Akiwa Wileika; Rudnicki Dawid Wileika; Rudnicki Schmuel Wileika; Scharlat S.I. Wichnew; Rubin Gamliel Wichnew; Duschitz Jacob Rodoschkowitsch; Rubin Salman Rodoschkowitsch; Axelrod Berka Rodoschkowitsch; Epschtein Wulf Rodoschkowitsch; Fanelisch Fanny Rodoschkowitsch; Gitlin Peretz Rodoschkowitsch; Houchstein Leib Rodoschkowitsch; Izigsohn Ewel Rodoschkowitsch; Leibmann Chana Rodoschkowitsch; Lewin Chaim Rodoschkowitsch; Lipmann Ewel Rodoschkowitsch; Michelson Aron Rodoschkowitsch; Michlin Zodik Rodoschkowitsch; Rubin Salman Rodoschkowitsch; Rudermann Leiser Rodoschkowitsch; Schulsky Srul Rodoschkowitsch; Silburg Iska Rodoschkowitsch; Spreirgen Chaim Rodoschkowitsch; Tanchilewicz Mandel Rodoschkowitsch; Thaler Salomon Rodoschkowitsch; Zwick Leiba I also found the name of my husbands' great grandfather; Shmuel Helberg from The Jewish Colonial Trust Ltd was the parent company of the Anglo Palestine Bank, the predecessor of Bank Leumi of Israel. It was founded in 1899 by Theodore Hertzl to serve as a financial instrument for the Zionist Movement. Early in the 20th century, the company issued approximately 250,000 shares at par value one pound Sterling. The company's activities in the diplomatic field focused on the purchase from the Ottoman Government of the right to settle in the Land of Israel, and in the financial field, to grant credit for the establishment of Zionist activities in the Land of Israel. The company established a number of subsidiaries which subsequently became well known, including the Anglo-Palestine Bank which later evolved into today's Bank Leumi of Israel. In the 1950s the company's activities were transferred to an Israeli corporation, The Jewish Colonial Trust Ltd., and most of its share rights were converted into interests in the Israeli company. Share holders or their descendants are entitled to contact the company and to receive a cash settlement or other benefit. The web site http://www.jct.co.il/contact.html has a form which can be filled in and sent via e-mail to the company to make such a claim. The home page where you can search for the names of relatives and find other information is at http://www.jct.co.il/shareholders.asp . I do recommend that you visit this page and search for your ancestors. The search name you use should be either the exact name of which you are aware, or the first syllable or two if you are uncertain of the exact spelling -- their search engine finds the exact text which you submit, but also finds other names which continue on with extensions of your text for the name, e.g., Ester and Esterson. Their search engine allows you to search for either an exact surname, forename, or city of residence, or some combination of these three items of information, or to input the first part of a person's name or city name in order to get variations of what you are looking for, and/or to get around a lack of knowledge of exactly how the name was spelled in the data base (no Soundex). The data base would also be useful for those seeking to collect a large number of the residents of a given European country (or non-European country, for that matter) or city, for genealogical purposes. The company can be contacted at: JCT - Jewish Colonial Trust, Ltd. 17 Kaplan Street Tel Aviv 64734, Israel E-mail: Tel: 03-691-4111/2 FAX: 03-691-4170 - Sunday, May 04, 2003 at 22:45:45 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Central events of Holocaust Remembrance Day Monday, April 28 20:00 - Official opening ceremony, Warsaw Ghetto Square, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 20:00 - Lighting of torches and memorial ceremony, Massua amphitheater, Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak Tuesday, April 29 10:00 - Siren 10:02 - Wreath-laying ceremony, Warsaw Ghetto Square, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 10:30-12:30 - "Unto Every Person There is a Name" - recitation of names of Holocaust victims at Yad Vashem and at the Knesset; another ceremony of name recitation will begin at 9 A.M. and continue until nightfall at Beit Wohlin, Givatayim 13:00 - Main memorial ceremony, Hall of Remembrance, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 19:30 - Closing ceremony, amphitheater of the Ghetto Fighters' House, Kibbutz Lochamei Hagetaot. Mourners march at Auschwitz, mark ghetto uprising By Reuters OSWIECIM, Poland - High school students joined Holocaust survivors from around the world in Poland on Tuesday to mourn Jews killed at the Auschwitz death camp and mark the Warsaw Ghetto uprising against Nazi rule 60 years ago. President Moshe Katsav and his Polish counterpart, Aleksander Kwasniewski, led 3,000 people in the "March of the Living" through Auschwitz's gate, bearing the infamous German inscription "Arbeit Macht Frei" (Work Makes You Free), to the nearby twin camp at Birkenau. "With the sun, birds singing and blue sky you can't really imagine that these heinous crimes happened here," said Avishai Nalka, 16, a high school student from Ashdod. "I only saw this place in black-and-white history films, now I see it in color." More than a million people, mostly Jews, died in the gas chambers or from disease and starvation at Auschwitz, the German name for Oswiecim, during World War Two. Six million Jews were killed in the Nazi Holocaust. Poland's pre-war Jewish community of 3.5 million was reduced to 300,000. Organizers of the march, which was part of Holocaust Remembrance Day, said there were fewer marchers than in recent years due to security concerns over the recent war in Iraq. The event also marked the 60th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, which has become a symbol of Jewish resistance against rule by Nazi Germany. On April 19, 1943, Jewish fighters launched a desperate last stand against German occupying forces to resist looming deportations to death camps. They held off the Nazis for several weeks with homemade explosives. Also marching was Norman Frejman, 72, who as a child survived the Warsaw Ghetto, deportation to the Majdanek death camp and slave labor in Germany. "God wanted me to survive: All my family perished either in the Warsaw Ghetto or in the camps. I am getting old, so I had to come here to see it once again. This is hallowed ground, because the ashes of Jews are scattered here," he said. "I also wanted to attend the 60th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. This is very near to me," said Frejman, who left for the United States after the war and lives in Florida. Holocaust Remembrance Day is marked on a different day each year because it is linked to the 27th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan, when the uprising began. In Israel, sirens brought the country to a standstill for a two-minute silence and flags were at half-mast for the memorial. . - Tuesday, April 29, 2003 at 08:55:05 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ http://www.thejewishexchange.com/images/holidays/yomhashoah/sixmillion.html?source=tea Jewish Exchange Holocaust Presentation (IsraelNN.com) The Jewish Exchange offers Internet viewers a Holocaust Day presentation, a time for reflection click here for the Holocaust Presentation - Tuesday, April 29, 2003 at 08:09:23 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Who came from where? 1 Gorodok 54'09" 26'55" 16.2 mi. ENE of Volozhin 12.8 mi. W of Radoshkovici 35 mi. WNW of Minsk 150 mi. SE of Vilnius Usher Uberstine; Ethel, Louis, Hirschel, Hyman, and Israel Rubenstein; Morris, Esther Minnie, Henry, Jack, and Dora Rubenstein; and Shirley and Artie Karben. Lazar Uberstine; Udasha, Toby, Cherla, Ida, Harris, and Mayer Uberstine; and Israel Rubenstein; children of Toby Uberstine and Aaron Kahanovich: Lena, Barnet, Channa, Minnie, Meyer, Mollie and Eli Cohen; Rafael Millerkowski, husband of Lena Cohen. 2 Ekatarinoslav 48'27" 34'59" 524.9 mi. SE of Gorodok 494.1 mi. SE of Minsk 242.8 mi. ESE of Kiev Harry Varonok, husband of Ethel Rubenstein 3 Brest-Litovsk - they met through a matchmaker in NYC. Esther Simon, wife of Morris Rubenstein 4 Krasnoye 54'14" 27'05" 8.4 mi. NW of Radoshkovici Carl Karbenovich, husband of Dora Rubenstein 5 Radoshkovici 54'09" 27'14" 12.8 mi. E of Gorodok 28.7 mi. E of Volozhin Phil Karben, son of Carl and Dora 6 Tarnow - they met in NYC. Max Sollender, husband of Rose Varonok 7 Volozhin 54'05" 26'32"16.2 mi. WSW of Gorodok 28.7 mi. W of Radoshkovici 43.8 mi. WNW of Minsk 64.1 mi. SE of Vilnius Harris Farberman, husband of Ida Uberstine; Etta Meltzer, wife of Harris Uberstine; Moishe Gelman, husband of Udasha Uberstine, and their children: Rashka, Ike, and Lou Gelman, husband of Minnie Cohen; Ida Mary Gelman, daughter of Ike; Shimsel Kirshner, husband of Rashka Gelman, and their children, Esther, Faye, and Al Kirshner; and Nathan Kirschner-Glockner, husband of Cherla Uberstine, and their children, Dora and Aleck Glockner. 8 Vishnevo 54'08" 26'14" 12.6 mi. WNW Volozhin Sophie Ruchel Davidson, wife of Ike Gelman 9 Grodno 53'41" 23'50" 129.4 mi. WSW Gorodok Aaron Kahanovich, husband of Toby Uberstine 10 Zasliai 54'52" 24'36" 94.6 mi. NW of Volozhin Draishka Brenner, wife of Mayer Uberstine http://www.cousinsplus.com/families/CousinsPlus/History/Who-came-from-where-revised.htm#spaces-on-top To the top - Monday, April 28, 2003 at 19:53:44 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Radoshkovichi was part of Poland between 1921 and 1939; Poland emerged as a bourgeois republic under the influence of the great revolutionary movement which swept the whole of Eastern and Central Europe in the years 1917-19. Although the reborn state did not solve the basic economic and social questions, its legislation granted equal rights to all citizens irrespective of nationality and religious convictions. This was guaranteed by its constitution adopted by the Sejm in March 1921 . Thus were abolished the legal norms inherited from the partitioning powers, which gave different legal status to various groups of society. However some questions as laid down in the constitution lent themselves to various interpretations. In 1931 the Sejm passed a law which abrogated expressis verbis all regulations which were discriminatory on grounds of religion, nationality and race. In this respect independent Poland fulfilled the people's hopes. The matter was different in the field of economic relations. In the inter-war period Poland found herself in an extremely difficult situation. Leaving aside the fluctuations of economic development experienced by all capitalist countries (a particularly deep drop in production, employment and incomes was noted in the first half of the 1930's), the average increase in the number of places of work was far behind the population growth. Overpopulation of the countryside became more acute, which in turn brought about the shrinking of the internal market and the resultant impoverishment of petty tradesmen and craftsmen. Unemployment in towns took on catastrophic dimensions. In these circumstances, especially in the 1930's, the pauperization of those strata which earned their living from small shops increased. Economists spoke of the overcrowding of trade and crafts. According to the 1931 census of the nearly 32 million Polish citizens, 10 per cent (or some three million) were Jews. Of this figure 42 per cent worked in industry, mining and crafts and 36 per cent in trade and kindred branches. Other occupations played a lesser role in the Jews, occupational structure. In some branches of the economy Jews constituted a majority. This concerned above all the retail trade where 71 per cent of all tradesmen were Jewish. In the clothing and leather industry this percentage was almost 50. Typical Jewish occupations were tailoring and shoemaking. However in the conditions of massive unemployment, in spite of the over abundance of certain specialties in crafts, they had no chance of finding employment. At the same time there was a growth in the number of merchants and craftsmen of other nationalities. In the countryside, the expanding cooperative movement became a serious rival to the private merchants. It would be wrong to assume that the concentration of Jews in certain branches of the economy and their pauperization were the result of a deliberate policy on the part of the state. It is true that the administration was unfavorably disposed towards employing other than Polish nationals in state enterprises, especially those of military importance (for example railways and armaments factories) and therefore removed Jews from these establishments. However, the direct reason for anti-Jewish discrimination has to be sought in the past, in the relations which had been formed in the period of the partitions. The overcoming of the traditional occupational and social structure of the Jewish community could be accomplished only by the acceleration of the economic development of the country as a whole and also by the creation of conditions favoring the acquiring of new trades which had not been popular among the Jewish community. This problem was also perceived by some Jewish organizations which undertook actions aimed at training young people in various specialties. This was done most often by the Zionist organizations which in connection with their Palestinian plans attempted to prepare groups of settlers having definite trades. However the scope of this action was very modest indeed since it depended on winning financial means as well as those willing to go to Palestine. Similar undertakings could not be carried out on a mass scale without appropriate assistance from the state in a situation where the government found it difficult to acquire sufficient financial resources for the most urgent needs. What is more, even if money had been available, the specialists trained in this way would not have been able to find employment anyway. The same objective reasons made it impossible to overcome the concentration of Jewish laborers in small enterprises and workshops, while it should be borne in mind that over 70 per cent of the Jewish urban proletariat were employed in such small establishments. This adverse situation was also affected by some traditional customs and religion. Since Jews observed Sabbath, it was difficult to employ in one enterprise both Jewish and Christian workers without disorganizing the rhythm of production. Even Jewish entrepreneurs unwillingly employed a Jewish labor force. Of course not all of them were Orthodox Jews and not all of them refused to work on Saturdays. However those who wanted to work on Saturdays were treated with suspicion by their employers who feared lest they belonged to a socialist or communist organization and one day might organize the factory work force in struggle for their interests. In smaller establishments, in which the owner himself took part in both the production process and management, work on Saturdays was suspended. The Jewish question in inter-war Poland was above all a social problem. Without solving the problems which were common to all working people, there was no chance of changing the lot of the Polish Jews. And the capitalist system provided no prospect of a radical overcoming of backwardness and increasing the number of jobs, despite efforts on the part of the state undertaken in particular in the second half of the 1930's. Thus emigration continued. There are no exhaustive data on this subject. However, it is known that between 1927 and 1938 nearly 200,000 Polish Jews left Poland, of which number 74,000 went to Palestine, 34,000 to Argentina and 28,000 to the United States. The largest waves of emigration were recorded in the 1920's. Following the great slump, after 1929, those countries which up till then accepted immigrants, introduced new, ever more severe restrictions on immigration. This concerned, among other countries, the United States. For this reason in the 1930's overseas emigration limited in scope while the number of those going to Palestine increased. According to the most reliable calculations, between 1919 and 1942 almost 140,000 Polish Jews went to Palestine, that is, some 42 per cent of the total number of immigrants accepted by that country; the largest intensification of Palestine-bound emigration took place in the years 1933-36 when the number of emigrants amounted to 75,000. In the difficult economic situation and the changes in legal and political status of Jews after Poland had regained her independence, various programs of activity were formed. The traditional program of the Agudat Israel, which boiled down to the observance of religious prescriptions, loyalty towards the state and the expectation of the Kingdom of God, could not suffice. Although the position of this party among the petite bourgeoisie was maintained by the authority of the zaddikim (a particularly important role in the leadership of the Agudat Israel was played by the famous zaddik of Gora Kalwaria who was however criticized by many), its attempts at consolidating a specific kind of ideological ghetto (the isolation of the Jews from the goyim) resulted in a gradual decrease of its influence. Step by step the party moved towards the acceptance of the prospect of building a Jewish state in Palestine. On the other hand, the influence of the workers' parties continued to be strong. The most important role was still played by the Bund, some concepts of which were close to those of the radical left wing, though its members represented a whole variety of views. The Bund differed from the program put forward by the communists in that it demanded cultural and national autonomy for national minorities, especially for the Jews, and perceived the necessity of organizing the whole of the Jewish proletariat in one, separate national party. Many Bund leaders saw the need for dictatorship by the proletariat (the Bund program adopted in 1930 mentioned the possibility of such dictatorship). The party was decidedly opposed to the conservatives and discarded religion. It accused the Agudat Israel of defending the interests of the propertied classes to the detriment of the needs of the masses. The most outstanding leaders of the Bund were Victor Alter (1890-1941), Henryk Erlich (1882- 1941) and Samuel Zygelbojm (1895-1943). The Bund, like the illegal Communist Party of Poland to which many Jews also belonged and the Polish Socialist Party, saw the only chance of solving the Jewish question in Poland in building a socialist society without man's exploitation by man. It sought its allies among workers of all nationalities living in Poland. It opposed all concepts of emigration since it perceived the impracticability of the idea of organizing emigration of a several million strong nation. The socialist leaders considered the Palestinian campaign to be an element weakening the forces of the proletariat fighting for a change in social relations and as a solution which at best could constitute a chance for only few. A radical social program was also voiced by the left wing of the Po'alei Zion which saw prospects for the Jews in a socialist revolution and in introducing cultural and national autonomy. For the future, it accepted the idea of building a socialist Jewish state in Palestine and therefore it supported the Palestinian campaigns. Its leading members were Antoni Budhsbaum, Szachna Sagan and Jozef Witkin-Zerubavel (1876-1912). A much smaller following was enjoyed by the right wing of the Po'alei Zion which concentrated above all on Palestinian works, that is all activity aimed at forming. a future Jewish state, including education of qualified farmers, workers and soldiers. All the workers, organizations, irrespective of the differences that separated them, cooperated in many important issues. They undertook a common struggle against campaigns organized by the right wing of the National Democratic Party. In Warsaw they even formed an underground organization the task of which was to put up armed resistance to the nationalist militants. Both Jews and Poles connected with the workers, movement took part in its work. http://members.core.com/~mikerose/history2.htm click for the rest - Sunday, April 27, 2003 at 15:46:54 (PDT) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ some Partizans from Radoshkovichi; Itshak Elman Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1895 Nickname Issac Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Feiga Elman Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1926 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Arie Bumshtein Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1925 Nickname Leibke Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Rank Private Unit Battalion Kutovski Job Fighter Details Of Death Date Of Death 1/1/1951 Z. Benjamin Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Zus Gringhaus Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1912 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Ruven Gringhaus Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1895 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Baruh Shepsenvol Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1912 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Elijau Zhukovski Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1908 Nickname Ilia Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Ben Zilburg Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1916 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Mula Lapidus Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1898 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Ruven Mednik Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1895 Nickname Ruvl Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Boris Mano Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1932 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Chaim Nisnbojm Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Nache Forest Unit Battalion Kutovski Jakob Snolkin Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1893 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Pesia Pertzov Country Of Birth Poland City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Non Known Klatchkovski Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1903 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Hirsh Shulman Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1910 Nickname Grisha Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Country of Combat Belorussia Area of Combat Kopil Forests Unit Battalion Kutovski Nehama Shulman Country Of Birth Russia City Of Birth Radoshkovichi Date Of Birth 1/1/1912 Holocaust Period Framework Of Combat Partisans Cou