I am grateful for additional information.

Meliza Amity, Neve Monosson, Israel
Site: http://www.amitys.com/phpGedView

Researching:
Finland - all
Belarus - WAPRINSKY/KATZMAN (Mogilev)
Poland - RUBINSTEIN/RUDZEWICZ (Szczuczyn/Chludnie, Lomza)
Poland - MORDUCH/GRYNBLAT (Suwalki); ROSENTHAL (Lodz)
Lithuania - MAIZEL/PILOVSKY/STEIN (Vilnius/Salakas)
Lithuania - ROSENTHAL/JANKELOFF (Siauliai)
Ukraine - TCHICHELNITZKY/ZASLAVSKY (Yagotin/Pryluki)

Å iauliai Cathedral standing in the place of the wooden church built in
1445Å iauliai was granted Magdeburg city rights in 1589. In the 16th
century it became an administrative center of the area. However, in
the 17th and 18th centuries the city was devastated by The Deluge and
epidemics of the Bubonic plague.

The credit for the city's rebirth goes to Antoni Tyzenhaus (1733-1785)
who after a violent revolt of peasants of the Crown properties in the
Northern Lithuania (so-called in Polish: Powstanie Szawelskie, 1769),
started the radical economic and urban reforms. He decided to rebuilt
the city according to the Classicism ideas: at first houses were built
randomly in a radial shape, but Tyzenhaus decided to build the city in
an orderly rectangular. Å iauliai grew to become a well-developed city,
with several prominent brick buildings. In 1791 Stanisław August
Poniatowski, king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, confirmed
once again that Å iauliai's city rights and granted it the coat of arm.
It depicted a bear, the symbol of Samogitia, the Eye of Providence,
and a red bull, the symbol of Poniatowski family. The modern coat of
arms was modeled after this version.

After the Partitions of Poland, Å iauliai got a new coat of arms. The
city grew and became an important educational and cultural center.
Also, infrastructure was rapidly developing: in 1836-1858 a road
connecting Riga and Tilsit was built, in 1871 a railroad connecting
LiepÄ?ja with Romny was built. Å iauliai, being in a crossroad of
important merchant routes, started to develop as an industrial town.
Already in 1897 it was the third largest city in Lithuania with
population of about 16,000. The demographics changed also, as in 1909
56.4% of the inhabitants were Jewish. Å iauliai was known for its
leather industry. Chaim Frenkel owned the biggest leather factory in
the Russian Empire.

During World War I, about 65% of the buildings were burned down and
the city center was destroyed. After the war, Lithuania lost its
capital Vilnius to Poland and importance of Å iauliai city grew. Before
KlaipÄ—da was attached to Lithuania, the city was second after Kaunas
by population size. By 1929 the city center was rebuilt. Modern
utilities were also included: streets were lighted, it had public
transportation, telephone and telegraph lines, water supply network
and sewer.

The first independence years were difficult because industrial city
lost its markets in Russia. It needed to find new clients in the
Western Europe. In 1932 a railroad to KlaipÄ—da was built and it
connected the city to the western markets. In 1938 the city produced
about 85% of Lithuania's leather, 60% of footwear, 75% of flax fiber,
35% of candies. Culture also flourished as many new periodicals were
printed, new schools and universities opened, a library, theater,
museum, and normal school were opened.

In 1939, one quarter of the city's population was Jewish (source).
German Nazis entered Å iauliai on Thursday, June 26, 1941. According to
one of the Jewish survivors of Siauliai, Nesse Godin, some 1000 people
were shot in nearby woods during the first weeks of occupation after
having been forced to bury their own graves. There were two ghetto
areas in Siauliai, one in the Kaukas suburb, and one in Traku. During
World War II, the Jewish population was reduced from 8,000 to 500.
About 80% of the buildings were destroyed.

Tourist attractions
Perhaps one of Å iauliai's biggest tourist attractions is its famous
Hill of Crosses.

There is an arch at the intersection of Vilniaus Str. and Vasario
16-osios str. Legend tells that if one thinks of a wish and passes
under the arch, the wish will come true. But, if one forgets about it
and walks back under the arch, the wish will vanish into thin air.

Zubov's Palace, located at Ausros Alley 50, was constructed in the
17th century. The exterior has remained unchanged since 1875. Today
the palace houses the Faculty of Arts of Å iauliai University.

Å iauliai is:

214 km from Vilnius.
142 km from Kaunas.
165 km from KlaipÄ—da.
128 km from Riga.
250 km from Kaliningrad.

[ People
Regimantas Adomaitis, movie and stage actor, born here
André Andrejew, a classic Russian and French movie art director, born
here
Šarūnas Bartas, film director, born here
Wojciech Buyko, Polish classic photographer, born here in 1882
(†1942?)
Virgilijus Noreika, opera singer, born here
Yosef Shalom Eliashiv (image), rabbi, and grandson of a kabbalist
Rabbi Shalom Ben Hayim Haikel Eliashiv zt"l (Leshem), a native of this
city
Chmouel (Samuel) Kessel, father of Joseph Kessel, French writer, was
born here
Nesse Godin, Shoah survivor and Shoah awareness advocate in the United
States.
Igor Kisiel, scientist, professor at the Technical University of
Wroclaw, born here
Mindaugas Murza, member of Å iauliai city council, nacionalist and
antisemit.
Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł, Polish magnate, noble, a duke and a
politician. He held the post of Starosta (city foreman) of this city.
Jan Sawicki-Stella, colonel in the Russian army who during the
insurrection against Russia in 1863, went to fight on the
Polish-Lithuanian side, born here
Meyer Schapiro, born here
Mindaugas Žukauskas, professional basketball player
Antanas Sireika, Born near Å iauliai was a coach for a hometown
basketball team for many seasons.
Robertas Javtokas, professional basketball player

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Interested in contributing to Wikipedia? â€¢
Jump to: navigation, search

Å iauliai
SaulÄ—s miestas ( The Sun City)

Location
Ethnographic region
Samogitia
County
Å iauliai County
Municipality
Å iauliai city municipality
Geographic coordinate system
55°56′N, 23°19′E
Number of elderates
2
General Information
Capital of
Å iauliai County
Å iauliai city municipality
Å iauliai district municipality
Population
129,075 in 2005 (4th)
First mentioned
1236
Granted city rights
1589

Å iauliai (pronunciation  (help·info), German: Schaulen, approximate English transcription: ʃəʊ.ˈleı) is the fourth largest city in Lithuania , with a population of 129,075. It is the capital of Å iauliai County. Unofficially, the city is the capital of Northern Lithuania. It is served by Siauliai International Airport.

 History

The city was first mentioned in written sources as Soule in Livonian Order chronicles describing the battle of the Sun. Thus the city's founding date is now considered to be September 22, 1236, the same date when the battle took place, not far from Å iauliai. At first developed as a defense post against the raids by the Teutonic and Livonian Orders. After the battle of Grunwald in 1410, the raids stopped and Å iauliai started to develop as an agricultural settlement. In 1445, a wooden church was built. It was replaced in 1634 with the brick church which can be seen in the city center today.

Å iauliai Cathedral standing in the place of the wooden church built in 1445

Å iauliai was granted Magdeburg city rights in 1589. In the 16th century it became an administrative center of the area. However, in the 17th and 18th centuries the city was devastated by The Deluge and epidemics of the Bubonic plague .

The credit for the city's rebirth goes to Antoni Tyzenhaus (1733-1785) who after a violent revolt of peasants of the Crown properties in the Northern Lithuania (so-called in Polish: Powstanie Szawelskie, 1769), started the radical economic and urban reforms. He decided to rebuilt the city according to the Classicism ideas: at first houses were built randomly in a radial shape, but Tyzenhaus decided to build the city in an orderly rectangular. Šiauliai grew to become a well-developed city, with several prominent brick buildings. In 1791 Stanisław August Poniatowski, king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, confirmed once again that Šiauliai's city rights and granted it the coat of arm. It depicted a bear, the symbol of Samogitia, the Eye of Providence, and a red bull, the symbol of Poniatowski family. The modern coat of arms was modeled after this version.

After the Partitions of Poland, Å iauliai got a new coat of arms. The city grew and became an important educational and cultural center. Also, infrastructure was rapidly developing: in 1836-1858 a road connecting Riga and Tilsit was built, in 1871 a railroad connecting LiepÄ?ja with Romny was built. Å iauliai, being in a crossroad of important merchant routes, started to develop as an industrial town. Already in 1897 it was the third largest city in Lithuania with population of about 16,000. The demographics changed also, as in 1909 56.4% of the inhabitants were Jewish. Å iauliai was known for its leather industry. Chaim Frenkel owned the biggest leather factory in the Russian Empire.

During World War I, about 65% of the buildings were burned down and the city center was destroyed. After the war, Lithuania lost its capital Vilnius to Poland and importance of Å iauliai city grew. Before KlaipÄ—da was attached to Lithuania, the city was second after Kaunas by population size. By 1929 the city center was rebuilt. Modern utilities were also included: streets were lighted, it had public transportation, telephone and telegraph lines, water supply network and sewer.

The first independence years were difficult because industrial city lost its markets in Russia. It needed to find new clients in the Western Europe. In 1932 a railroad to KlaipÄ—da was built and it connected the city to the western markets. In 1938 the city produced about 85% of Lithuania's leather, 60% of footwear, 75% of flax fiber, 35% of candies. Culture also flourished as many new periodicals were printed, new schools and universities opened, a library, theater, museum, and normal school were opened.

In 1939, one quarter of the city's population was Jewish ( source). German Nazis entered Å iauliai on Thursday, June 26, 1941. According to one of the Jewish survivors of Siauliai, Nesse Godin, some 1000 people were shot in nearby woods during the first weeks of occupation after having been forced to dig their own graves. There were two ghetto areas in Siauliai, one in the Kaukas suburb, and one in Traku (see Å iauliai ghettos). During World War II, the Jewish population was reduced from 8,000 to 500. About 80% of the buildings were destroyed.

Tourist attractions

Perhaps one of Å iauliai's biggest tourist attractions is its famous Hill of Crosses.

There is an arch at the intersection of Vilniaus Str. and Vasario 16-osios str. Legend tells that if one thinks of a wish and passes under the arch, the wish will come true. But, if one forgets about it and walks back under the arch, the wish will vanish into thin air.

Zubov's Palace, located at Ausros Alley 50, was constructed in the 17th century. The exterior has remained unchanged since 1875. Today the palace houses the Faculty of Arts of Å iauliai University.

Å iauliai is:
• 214 km from Vilnius.
• 142 km from Kaunas.
• 165 km from KlaipÄ—da.
• 128 km from Riga.
• 250 km from Kaliningrad.

 People
• Regimantas Adomaitis, movie and stage actor, born here
• André Andrejew, a classic Russian and French movie art director, born here
• Å arÅ«nas Bartas, film director, born here
• Wojciech Buyko, Polish classic photographer, born here in 1882 (†1942?)
• Virgilijus Noreika, opera singer, born here
• Yosef Shalom Eliashiv ( image), rabbi, and grandson of a kabbalist Rabbi Shalom Ben Hayim Haikel Eliashiv zt"l (Leshem), a native of this city
• Chmouel (Samuel) Kessel, father of Joseph Kessel, French writer, was born here
• Nesse Godin, Shoah survivor and Shoah awareness advocate in the United States.
• Igor Kisiel, scientist, professor at the Technical University of Wroclaw, born here
• Mindaugas Murza, member of Å iauliai city council, nacionalist and antisemit.
• Albrycht StanisÅ‚aw RadziwiÅ‚Å‚, Polish magnate, noble, a duke and a politician. He held the post of Starosta (city foreman) of this city.
• Jan Sawicki-Stella, colonel in the Russian army who during the insurrection against Russia in 1863, went to fight on the Polish-Lithuanian side, born here
• Meyer Schapiro, born here
• Mindaugas Žukauskas, professional basketball player
• Antanas Sireika, Born near Å iauliai was a coach for a hometown basketball team for many seasons.
• Robertas Javtokas, professional basketball player

 See also
• BC Å iauliai
• Telshe yeshiva

 External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Å iauliai

[edit] General
• Lithuania's Forum- Official Forum
• Official website
• The Pre-Holocaust Jewish Community of Siauliai
• www.randburg.com — Siauliai City
• Å iauliai Travel Guide
• Photos of Siauliai

[edit] City resources
• Å iauliai Tourism Information Centre
• Å iauliai International Airport
• Å iauliai City Municipality Public Library
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai"

Carol Coplin Baker
SUG Coordinator
carolcbaker@comcast.net
-----------------------------------------
The Siauliai District Internal Passport records, 1919-1940 are in
process
of being translated. If interested, please contact me privately.

Howard Margol
Coordinator, Internal Passport Project
homargol@aol.com

> Subject: shavli
> From: "Dr. Menahem Luz" <mervyn1@bezeqint.net>
> Date: Thu, 27 Dec 2007 21:57:37 +0200

> Could anyone tell me whether the 19th century records for Jews in the
town
> of shavli (Siauliai) are so few because they were destroyed
> or because they have not yet been transcribed\and or published on
> jewishgen.org
>
> thanks
> menahem luz